Background: Technology-enhanced assessment (TEA) is a broad term that encompasses the diverse methods, by which technology can be used to support the management and delivery of assessment in educational institutions, in workplace and lifelong learning, in professional training and development, and so on. Purpose of Study: There is a new initiative at the University of Belgrade, Serbia, to explore computing technology underpinnings of the practice of TEA (computing underpinnings of the practice [CUP] of TEA), at universities and in schools in the country. Sources of Evidence: The CUP of TEA initiative starts from the current insight into current practices of assessment processes in different educational institutions. The data collected include assessment process descriptions from these institutions, specification of technologies used for the purpose, and specification of the educational profiles of participants in the process. Main Argument: The CUP of TEA initiative develops: A novel and comprehensive framework for TEA to lay the foundation for systematic, accurate, effective, and innovative application and use of TEA in educational institutions; specifically designated sets of information and communication technology (ICT) tools and services – ICT toolsets – that support practical application of TEA; several application cases that implement the TEA framework and use different ICT toolsets for TEA in different educational contexts, showcasing the integration of best TEA practices into curricula; and a set of policies that enable educational institutions and their teachers to officially establish the use of the framework for TEA in their courses and daily work. The CUP of TEA initiative covers both formative and summative assessment and supports formal, non-formal, and informal learning and assessment. Conclusions: The ultimate goal of the initiative is not just better, faster, and more informative assessment. It is the creation of a robust teaching and learning assessment approach that improves and advances the quality and efficiency of education. Keywords: Technology Enhanced Assessment; assessment processes; application cases
Population policy measures address all fertile women in Serbia, and the aim is to mobilize the largest number of women to give birth. Although strong response is desirable, not all women react, or at least not to the same extent, to the population policy measures which are financially based in Serbia. In this paper our intention was to identify which categories of fertile women could give greatest demographic benefit in the near future considering current population policy measures. We assumed that age and socioeconomic characteristics are the most relevant for the different response of women. Considering past structural changes of women population, and population projection results, we tried to define which categories of fertile women can give the greatest demographic benefit to the increase of birth level until 2041.
The development of reprogenetics during the last two decades of the XX century has brought a new age of reproduction. The paper surveys different types of reprogenetics in a wider sense, i.e. different assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that include manipulation of female reproductive cell out of a woman's womb. Development of reprogenetics is documented by available quantitative indicators of the number and success of ART procedures in developed countries at the beginning of the XXI century. Since 1978, when the first baby was born from in vitro fertilization, the number of children born that way has reached 1% of all children, and in some countries even over 3%. Moreover, existing documentation is incomplete and does not include all forms of assisted reproduction - in reality, the importance of assisted reproduction is even higher and becomes demographically significant. Hence the paper indicates existing and potential effects of the ART development on the demographic development i.e. on specific demographic aspects of this phenomenon. It also points out the effects on the level of fertility, on the changes of direct fertility determinants, and on the levels of mortality and infant mortality, as well as a new understanding of birth control, the possibility of affecting biological structures, and the changes of the fundaments of marriage and family. Development perspectives of reprogenetics are also being raised in the context of bioethical discussions and indicate ethical dilemmas related to assisted reproduction. Solutions to the dilemmas define the scope of applying new reproductive technologies in the future
This article explores potential benefits that professional demographers can have from using new web technologies in their activities and work. To this end, the article focuses on the users of these technologies, not on the technologies themselves. The technologies are explained only very briefly, and then the article emphasizes two demography-related case studies: demographic research and higher education in demography. The article uses the findings from a recent investigation on how these technologies are used in other scientific disciplines to argue for their more extensive use in demography.
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