A dieta influencia todos os estágios do ciclo da vida, fornecendo nutrientes necessários ao sustento do corpo humano. Alterações de ordem funcional e/ou estrutural, provocadas por doenças e infecções agudas ou crônicas, levam à utilização de medicamentos, cujo objetivo é restaurar a saúde. A via preferencial escolhida para a sua administração é a oral, entre outras razões, por sua comodidade e segurança. O fenômeno de interação fármaco-nutriente pode surgir antes ou durante a absorção gastrintestinal, durante a distribuição e armazenamento nos tecidos, no processo de biotransformação ou mesmo durante a excreção. Assim, é de importância fundamental conhecer os fármacos cuja velocidade de absorção e/ou quantidade absorvida podem ser afetadas na presença de alimentos, bem como aqueles que não são afetados. Por outro lado, muitos deles, incluindo antibióticos, antiácidos e laxativos podem causar má absorção de nutrientes.Portanto, o objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma revisão dos diversos aspectos envolvidos na interação fármaco-nutriente.

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a b s t r a c tThis work reports the nutritional potential and the antiradical activity of the cladodes of the Brazilian Opuntia monacantha Haw. (Cactaceae), as well the isolation of kaempferol and isorhamnetin through activity-guided fractionation from its active MeOH extract. TLC, HPLC-DAD and NMR techniques were used to detect and identify the compounds. The water (91.1%), ash, protein, fibre and lipid contents (15.0, 5.4, 18.5 and 1.4 g/100 g, respectively) were shown to be quite similar to the mean values of other Opuntia spp., some widely used as food and forage. The antioxidant activity of their MeOH extract and of its n-hexane, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions was assessed by measuring the ability of the fractions to scavenge DPPH radical, showing an activity enhancement for the fractions in comparison to the crude MeOH extract. The well-known free-radical scavenging activity of the isolated flavonoids reinforces the contribution of these compounds to the presented activity of the O. monacantha cladodes.

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The study analyzed the effect of an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) functional beverage (AB) on muscle and oxidative stress markers, cardiorespiratory responses, perceived exertion, and time-to-exhaustion during maximal treadmill running. The beverage was developed as an ergogenic aid for athletes and contained 27.6 mg of anthocyanins per dose. Fourteen athletes performed 3 exercise tests: a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test and 2 maximal exercise bouts performed in 2 conditions (AB and without AB (control)) at 90% maximal oxygen uptake. Blood was collected at baseline and after maximal exercise in both conditions to determine biomarkers. AB increased time to exhaustion during short-term high-intensity exercise (mean difference: 69 s, 95% confidence interval = -296 s to 159 s, t = 2.2, p = 0.045), attenuating the metabolic stress induced by exercise (p < 0.05). AB also reduced perceived exertion and enhanced cardiorespiratory responses (p < 0.05). The AB may be a useful and practical ergogenic aid to enhance performance during high-intensity training.

The relation between oxidative stress and inflammation induced by diseases and exercise has increased the interest in the benefits of antioxidant supplements in the improvement of health and physical and mental performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of açai gel in reducing oxidative stress in individuals engaged in physical activities as well as their acceptance. Sensory evaluation was performed to determine its acceptability and the biochemical parameters related to immune profile and biomarkers of muscle, liver and oxidative stress, with and without the use of gel were evaluated. The appearance, sweetness and overall impression of the açai gel were considered good. It was observed a significant increase in CK enzyme, without the gel as well as the oxidative stress biomarkers, it was observed that the MDA (with and without gel) a significant increase (p < 0.05). Through biochemical evaluation, it is concluded that the gel provided protection for some of parameters studied, since it modulated the immunological parameter reducing the lymphocyte activity and muscular stress. However, more studies must be carried out with a larger number of individuals to confirm the gel functionality.

Banana inflorescences are popularly known as 'navels,' and they are used in Brazil as nutritional complements. However, the nutritional value of banana inflorescences (male flowers and bracts) has never been studied. Therefore, plant material of Musa acuminata, cultivar "ouro", was collected in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and then submitted to chemical procedures to determine its nutritional composition. The experiment was arranged a completely randomized design and performed in triplicate. The sample composition analysis showed percentual average value for moisture, protein, fat and ash as 8.21, 14.50, 4.04 and 14.43, respectively. The dehydrated inflorescences were found to contain a significant nutritive complement based on their high content of potassium (5008.26 mg / 100 g) and fiber 49.83% (lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses) revealing important functional and nutritional properties. In a parallel evaluation, the anatomical study revealed key elements for the recognition of Musa acuminata when reduced to fragments.