Summary
Background
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (S. Abortusequi) is a serotype restricted to equines, which produces abortion outbreaks. Nowadays the disease is being reported in different countries including Argentina thus generating an important impact in the equine industry. Molecular characterization of the 95 kb virulence plasmid and the spvC gene of S. Abortusequi demonstrated their importance in the pathogenicity of the serotype. In the last decades, high clonality of S. Abortusequi was identified in Japan, Mongolia and Croatia.
Objectives
The aim of this work was to characterize S. Abortusequi isolates obtained in Argentina between 2011 and 2016 by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis.
Study design
Case report.
Methods
S. Abortusequi isolates were studied by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis.
Results
Four virulence profiles and nine pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes were identified among the 27 isolates included in the study. Different strains were found in the same outbreak and/or farm suggesting the presence of different sources of infection or mutation of isolates.
Main limitations
The number of related and nonrelated strains. More isolates may be necessary for a more intensive study.
Conclusions
Most strains presented the same virulence profile, being positive for all the studied genes except gipA and sopE1, which are involved in intestinal virulence. Only few isolates showed different results in the same outbreak or farm. Unlike other studies, our results demonstrate a considerable diversity of S. Abortusequi pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes, which suggests that different sources of infection may be involved within the same outbreak.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are one of the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide, historically associated with the consumption of eggs and chicken meat (Campos et al., 2019;Jajere, 2019). The epidemiology of NTS has been the subject of numerous studies. (Wajid et al., 2019). The results of these studies have shown that S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis have historically
Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens associated with severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised infants. From January 2009 through September 2010, two cases of neonatal infections associated with Cronobacter malonaticus and one case associated with Cronobacter sakazakii, two of them fatal, were reported in the same hospital. These are the first clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in Argentina. The objective of this work was to characterize and subtype clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in neonate patients, as well as to establish the genetic relationship between these isolates and the foodborne isolates previously identified in the country. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed a genetic relationship between the C. malonaticus isolates from two patients. Different results were found when the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of clinical isolates were compared with those deposited in the National Database of Cronobacter spp.
Se recolectaron muestras de materia fecal correspondientes a 27 especies de animales en cautiverio pertenecientes al Jardín Zoológico de Mendoza (Argentina), con el fin de encontrar portadores asintomáticos de Salmonella. Las muestras de materia fecal obtenidas con hisopos se sembraron en caldo tetrationato base de Müller-Kauffmann y se incubaron a 43 ºC en baño María durante 24 h. Alícuotas de este medio se sembraron en agar xilosa-lisina-desoxicolato y, finalmente, las colonias desarrolladas se identificaron utilizando pruebas bioquímicas convencionales. Como resultado, se aisló Salmonella serovar Meleagridis a partir de muestras de un oso polar y Salmonella serovar Give a partir de las de un oso pardo y un mono carayá. Ambas serovariedades están asociadas con casos de salmonelosis en humanos.
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