Bee products were historically used as a therapheutic approach and in food consumption, while more recent data include important details that could validate them as food supplements due to their bioproperties, which support their future use as medicines. In this review data, data collected from bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) essays will be discussed and detailed for their nutritional and health protective properties as functional foods. Dietary antioxidants intake derived from BP and BB have been associated with the prevention and clinical treatment of multiple diseases. The beneficial effects of BP and BB on health result from the presence of multiple polyphenols which possess anti-inflammatory properties, phytosterols and fatty acids, which play anticancerogenic roles, as well as polysaccharides, which stimulate immunological activity. From the main bioactivity studies with BP and BB, in vitro studies and animal experiments, the stimulation of apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in multiple cell lines could be one of the major therapeutic adjuvant effects to be explored in reducing tumor growth. Tables summarizing the main data available in this field and information about other bio-effects of BP and BB, which support the conclusions, are provided. Additionally, a discussion about the research gaps will be presented to help further experiments that complete the tree main World Health Organization (WHO) Directives of Efficiency, Safety and Quality Control for these products.

Bee products are used as supplements to provide nutrients in prevent or treatment of some health problems. Royal jelly has a rich nutrient contents in bee hive which protects and strengthens the health; compared to other bee products, it has a significant potential and effect. Because of its functional properties, royal jelly is very effective in accelerating the healing process in many diseases. The use of fresh royal jelly in our diets nowadays will help us to be healthy. This review explains the effects of royal jelly on health, animal trials, and clinical studies for human health. Healthy doses are recommended by apitherapist medical doctors based on clinical observation and personal experience on the doses of use of royal jelly on human health. The review also mentions the positive effects of royal jelly consumption in our daily diet ÖZ Arı ürünleri içerdiği besin maddeleri ile sağlık koruyucu ve destekleyici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Arı sütü; kovanın zengin besin içeriğine sahip, sağlık koruyucu ve güçlendirici ürünüdür ve diğer arı ürünleriyle karşılaştırıldığında önemli bir potansiyele ve etkinliğe sahiptir. Arı sütü fonksiyonel özellikleri nedeniyle, pek çok hastalıkta başarıyla iyileştirici özelliktedir. Günümüzde beslenmemizde taze arı sütünün kullanımı, vücudumuzun sağlıklı kalmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu derlemede, arı sütünün hayvan deneylerinde ve insan sağlığında klinik çalışmalarda sağlık üzerine etkileri anlatılmıştır. İnsan sağlığında arı sütünün kullanımı ile ilgili doz önerileri özellikle apiterapist tıp hekimleri tarafından klinik gözlemlere ve kişisel deneyimlere dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Günlük beslenmemizde arı sütü tüketiminin olumlu etkilerine de değinilmiştir.functions play an important role on the biomedical effect of the royal jelly (Stocker et al., 2005).The composition of RJ is relatively constant at macro level and varies depending on bee nutrition, bee species, climate, season, harvesting method, and the age of the bee larvae (Liu et al., 2008). Royal Jelly is very rich in protein, fatty acids, sugars, hormones, vitamins, and minerals required for the development

Günümüzde değişen yaşam koşulları nedeniyle hastalıkların artması, beslenmede yetersizlik, dengesizlik ve protein eksikliğinin giderilmesi amacıyla çeşitli fonksiyonel besin kaynakları konusunda araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bazı ülkelerde hem geleneksel eğilimle, hem de artan nüfusa bağlı olarak besin kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi ve etkin kullanılması amacıyla böcekler gıda olarak tüketilmektedir. Bal arıları da bu sınıfta yer almakta, ürettikleri çok kıymetli arı ürünleri insan sağlığına yönelik koruyucu etki göstermektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda erkek arı larvası (apilarnil) ve ana arı larvasının yüksek besin değeri taşımaları nedeniyle sağlık koruma ve tıbbi tedaviye destek amaçlı tüketilebileceği ortaya koyulmuştur. Ana arı ve erkek arı larvalarının hem gıda olarak tüketilmesi hem de apiterapide kullanımın yaygınlaşacağı ön görüldüğünde bu arı ürünlerinin sağlığa yararı konusundaki farkındalığın toplumda artması sağlanmalıdır. Ürünlerin bu sayede kullanımına olan talebin artması, söz konusu ürünlerin sürekli ve güvenilir biçimde üretilmesini de gündeme taşımaktadır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak öncelikle ana ve erkek arı larvalarının biyokimyasal özelliklerinin ve apiterapötik etkilerinin bilinmesi oldukça önemlidir. Erkek ve ana arı larvaları, oldukça değerli besin madde komponentleri barındırmaları nedeniyle vücuda enerji verme, hücre yenileme, üreme fizyolojisini düzenleme, nörodejeneratif rahatsızlıkların tedavisi gibi çeşitli sağlık problemlerinin çözümünde tıbbi tedaviyi tamamlayıcı rol üstlenmektedir. İnsan sağlığının korunması ve hastalıkların tedavisinde destek sağlaması amacıyla bu doğal ürünlerin kaliteli ve sürdürülebilir arıcılık içerisinde üretilebilmesi, apiterapötik etkilerinin klinik bilimsel araştırmalarla belirlenerek kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gereklidir. Ana ve erkek arı larvası üretimi, arıcıların bal dışında yeni arı ürünleri üretimine yönelerek, üretim döneminde oluşabilecek riski azaltmasına ve düzenli yüksek gelir elde etmesine olanak sağlayacaktır.

Beekeeping activity implies a series of intensive processes and a variety of risks. After examining studies on beekeeping activity, it became obvious that beekeeping risk factors and beekeeping health studies are quite limited throughout world. This study aimed to reveal the possible effects of this activity on beekeepers health and to bring recommendations to be applied during practice. The beekeeper is often exposed to adverse effects such as mechanical and physical difficulties, environmental and climatic conditions: high temperature, time related stress, colonies transfer stress, insomnia, bee venom and smoke exposure during production activities. Any disadvantages that might occur in an environmentally friendly production context can be attributed to possible disruptions, injuries, psychological disorders and/or occupational accidents. The difficulties of living away from home and an irregular diet are constantly placing beekeeper’s health under pressure. The difficult process of bringing bee products to the table, influences on beekeeper’s health. In this production process, the beekeeper must make proof of his own health as well. Despite the reduction of labour force and risks through modern tools and equipment support in the developed countries, there are multiple risks in every stage of honey production, which is dependent on natural conditions. The results of the present research should bring awareness on the subject of beekeepers health and establish grounds about occupational health and safety in beekeeping activities.

Beekeeping has an economic importance in crop production and animal production. The health of the beekeepers has been faced with many various risks due to beekeeping managed under the influence of environmental, climatic conditions, the effect of psychological, physical, and mechanical difficulties. In this study, it was investigated whether beekeepers take care of their own health and some other risk factors affecting their health were evaluated. The data was collected from 12 districts of the province of Izmir in Turkey and obtained face-to-face method with 175 beekeepers. The socioeconomic characteristics and the health risk factors of beekeepers were investigated in this study. The average age of the beekeeper was 54.45 called as "middle age" group. 52% of beekeepers-predominantly migrant-had over 20 years of experience in beekeeping. Approximately 90% of beekeepers had social security. It was determined that 77.1% of the beekeepers were not affected by cold working conditions and falling danger, 83.4% of them had not allergic reactions on the skin, and 7% of beekeepers did not encounter physical difficulties. Besides, 22.3% of the beekeepers used alcohol, 56% had cigarette smoking and only 6.3% of them had health problems. In addition, 83% of the beekeepers knew their blood groups. As a result, it was observed that all of the beekeepers in research took care of their health by taking all necessary cautious. The result of this study shows that the health of beekeeper is very important for beekeeping activity.