In this work we focus on a microsatellite-defined Y-chromosomal lineage (network 1n2) identified by us and reported in previous studies, whose geographic distribution and antiquity appear to be compatible with the Neolithic spread of farmers. Here, we set network 1.2 in the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic tree, date it with respect to other lineages associated with the same movements by other authors, examine its diversity by means of tri-and tetranucleotide loci and discuss the implications in reconstructing the spread of this group of chromosomes in the Mediterranean area. Our results define a tripartite phylogeny within HG 9 (Rosser et al. 2000), with the deepest branching defined by alleles T (Haplogroup Eu10) or G (Haplogroup Eu9) at M172 (Semino et al. 2000), and a subsequent branching within Eu9 defined by network 1n2. Population distributions of HG 9 and network 1n2 show that their occurrence in the surveyed area is not due to the spread of people from a single parental population but, rather, to a process punctuated by at least two phases. Our data identify the wide area of the Balkans, Aegean and Anatolia as the possible homeland harbouring the largest variation within network 1n2. The use of recently proposed tests based on the stepwise mutation model suggests that its spread was associated to a population expansion, with a high rate of male gene flow in the Turkish-Greek area.
In order to characterize the sorption kinetics of phenobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium on natural Na � montmorillonite, the influence of the initial drug concentration and clay particles sizes was investigated. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured and analyzed using a Langmuir isotherm model. The affinity of drugs sorbed onto clay varied in the following descending order: phenobarbital sodium ] amobarbital sodium, respectively 11.2 and 9.1 mg/g. Also, sorption of phenobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium on Na-montmorillonite was studied as a function of pH. The results show that adsorption of the drugs is highest below the pHZPC due the neutrality of the drugs which adsorbs via an attraction of the positively charged surface sites at lower pH by weak van der Waals forces.
Sorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite was studied as a function of solution pH and different concentrations of background electrolyte and also a function of added metal ion at constant pH. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured and analyzed using a Langmuir isotherm model. The metal ions were predominantly adsorbed on the permanent charge sites in a easily replaceable state. There was also evident a substantial involvement of the hydroxyl groups on the edges of Na-montmorillonite in specific adsorption of the cations especially at higher pH.
The aim of this paper is to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical and physical parameters that characterize the water quality, the trophic state and the self-purification capacity assessment of Snagov Lake. The Snagov Lake is a natural lake located at 25-30 km North from Romania�s capital, Bucharest. The study was conducted during a five years period, from April 2010 until October 2014. The measurements used (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, TN/TP ratio) are presented in the form of spatial and temporal evolutions. For self-purification identification the aerobic mineralization degree, biological depuration factor and TN/TP ratio were used. The trophic stage of Snagov Lake in the range and in all the points of sampling is eutrophic�hipereutrophic for all the parameters used for assessment, excepting several short periods of time (fall of 2010, spring and fall of 2011) when the lake was in mesotrophic state.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.