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BACKGROUND: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool to confirm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) due to its high specificity. However, it has relatively low sensitivity and time consuming. In contrast, chest computed tomography (CT) has high sensitivity and achieves quick results. It may, therefore, play a critical role in screening and diagnosing COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was done in 212 patients with confirmed cases and patients under surveillance for COVID-19 tested for RT-PCR and chest CT scan. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). AIM: We aim to investigate the diagnostic value of chest CT in correlation to RT-PCR in Indonesia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in 212 patients with confirmed cases and patients under surveillance for COVID-19 tested for RT-PCR and chest CT scan. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: From a total of 212 patients, 92% of them were diagnosed as confirmed cases of COVID-19. It was found that the sensitivity of CT scan for COVID-19 patients was 72.3% (65.5% and 78.5%) with positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.9% (90.9% and 96.0%) and the sensitivity and PPV improve in symptomatic patients. Typical chest CT scan lesions were 8.0 times which were more likely (3.9–16.4; p <0.001) to be detected in symptomatic patients while patients with severe CT scan findings were 4.4 times more likely (3.0–6.5; p <0.001) to be admitted to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: A high PPV suggests that a chest CT scan can detect COVID-19 lesions, but the absence of the lesions would not exclude the disease’s presence.

Abstrak AbstractBackground: Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a rare brain neoplasm. Its incidence has increased these years, so it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for mass lesions in the CNS. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and clinical features of patients with CNS lymphoma. Methods:The study was a retrospective study. All patients histopathologically confirmed to have CNS lymphoma from November 2008 to December 2013 in Siloam Hospital Lippo Village were included in the study. Medical records and patients' MRI results were retrieved to be analyzed.Results: 32 patients were histopathologically diagnosed to have CNS lymphoma. The patients, mean age was 54 ± 15.01 years with slight male predominance. No patient was immuno compromised (CD4 > 500 cells/µL and leukocyte 5,000-11,000 cells/µL). The median interval between the onset of the initial symptoms and diagnosis is 7 weeks. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, mental changes, and neurological deficits related to the location of lesion. MR images show that most lesions were enhanced with contrast, iso-hypointense in T1 weighted imaging (T1WI), iso-to hypointense with perifocal edema in T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), hyperintense in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), with the most common location was white matter of cerebral hemisphere on one or more lobes and periventricular area, and the tumor could be single or multiple (24%) without clear edges.Conclusion: Short course of neurological worsening (within weeks) should lead a suspicion toward lymphoma. The characteristics of MR images are markedly enhanced by contrast, iso-to hypointense on T1WI and T2WI, and hyperintense in DWI, involving white matter of cerebral hemisphere and periventricular area.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebaran tingkat kognitif soal pada buku teks matematika peminatan kelas XI terbitan Mediatama berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom. Jenis penilitian yang dilakukan adalah adalah penelitian deskritif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah buku teks matematika peminatan kelas XI terbitan mediatama materi irisan kerucut dan polinomial. Instrumen penelitian yang dilakukan adalah lembar analisis dan lembar kesesuain tingkat kognitif. Metode pengumpulan data metode dokumentasi dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada materi irisan kerucut dari 30 soal memiliki tingkat kognitif mengaplikasikan (C3) sebanyak 28 soal (93,3%), mengevaluasi (C5) sebanyak 2 soal (6,7%), serta tidak adanya tingkat kognitif mengingat (C1), memahami (C2), menganalisis (C4), dan mencipta (C6). Materi polinomial dari 29 soal memiliki tingkat kognitif mengaplikasikan (C3) sebanyak 25 soal (86,2%), menganalisis (C4) sebanyak 2 soal (6,9%), dan mengevaluasi (C5) sebayak 2 soal (6,9%), serta tidak adamya tingkat kognitif mengingat (C1), memahami (C2), dan mencipta (C6). Kata Kunci: Buku Teks Matematika, Soal, Taksonomi Bloom, Tingkat Kognitif