Layered metal hydroxides (LMHs) are promising catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of LMHs is unsatisfactory due to their poor conductivity and limited active sites. Herein, taking Ni(OH)2 as demonstration, a novel “one stone five birds” plasma activation strategy synergistic with Ru single atoms (Ru SAs) doping is developed to boost the HER activity of Ni(OH)2 by constructing heterostructured β‐Ni(OH)2/Ni‐Ru SAs nanosheet arrays (NSAs). Benefiting from the structural/compositional features and optimized electronic state, the as‐obtained β‐Ni(OH)2/Ni‐Ru SAs NSAs exhibit splendid HER activity with a low overpotential of 16 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 21 mV dec−1 in alkaline solution. Excellent HER performance in alkaline seawater and neutral solutions are also demonstrated by the β‐Ni(OH)2/Ni‐Ru SAs NSAs. The plasma activation and Ru SAs doping play important roles in enhancing water adsorption and accelerating the kinetics of water dissociation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of Ru SAs in the system facilitates the generation of surface OH vacancies for providing more active sites as well as decreases the antibonding state density of the generated mid‐gap state for enhancing H adsorption strength toward the optimal range.
Vanadium oxides, such as V2O3 and VO2, are expected to be potential anode materials for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) on account of their high theoretical capacity, low price and natural abundance....
Design guidelines for traditional cultural artefacts play an important role in CulturallyInspired Design (CID) activities and design education. In this paper, a comparative study was performed to assess the impact of present-day design guidelines for traditional Chinese cultural artefacts on novice designers in a CID process. In all, 42 novice designers enrolled in a cultural product design course participated in this study, under two different design conditions: an unaided condition and a guideline-aided condition. Each condition includes three stages: identification stage, translation stage and implementation stage. In the unaided condition, each participant was asked to finish an investigative report on traditional cultural artefacts without any guidance and then carry out a detailed cultural product design. These results were then compared with those of the participants in the guideline-aided condition, who received a design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts. The results were assessed by expert raters against six design metrics: breadth, depth, quantity, variety, novelty and quality. They revealed that the design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts in a CID process promoted the analysis of cultural features and increased the novelty and quality of design outcomes but resulted in decreased variety. We propose that the design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts may be useful as part of the design process and as a pedagogical tool in cultural creative design,
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