N,P-coordinated fullerene-like carbon nanostructures with multifunctions have been synthesized and the active centers for CO2RR and ORR have been extensively studied by experiments and theoretical calculations.

Cu-Doped Co2P nanoparticles anchored on 2D heteroatom-doped ultrathin carbon exhibit excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance in flexible solid state zinc–air batteries.

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In the present study, experiments and multi-physics simulations are utilized together to analyze and predict the polarization curves and impedance behavior of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This new procedure consists of experiments, empirical polarization analysis, and multi-physics numerical simulations. First, polarization curves and impedance behavior are measured for various fuel/air utilization conditions. Then, the empirical polarization analysis is applied in conjunction with experiments to extract estimated values of essential parameters for the cell under study. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to determine/refine the model parameters via simultaneous calibration using polarization curves and impedance behavior. It is demonstrated that at least three fuel/air utilization conditions. i.e. low utilization, low air supply, and low fuel supply, are required as a complete set of data for better understanding of the processes within the cell. The cell performances at different working loads and various cell configurations are also simulated and analyzed to understand the processes in anode and cathode separately, illustrating the capability of the proposed model. The simulations, incorporating realistic material properties, provide details of overpotential and species concentration distributions within the porous electrodes for in-depth analysis. This proposed procedure can be utilized for quick diagnostics and analysis of button cells as well as planar cells made of same material without further calibration.

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Triple-conducting materials have been proved to improve the performance of popular protonic ceramic electrolysis cells. However, partially because of the complexity of the watersplitting reaction involving three charge carriers, that is, oxygen (O 2− ), proton (H + ), and electron (e − ), the triple-conducting reaction mechanism was not clear, and the reaction conducting pathways have seldom been addressed. In this study, the tripleconducting Ruddlesden−Popper phase Pr 1.75 Ba 0.25 NiO 4+δ as an anode on the BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3−δ electrolyte was fabricated and its electroresponses were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with various atmospheres and temperatures. The impedance spectra are deconvoluted by means of the distribution of the relaxation time method. The surface exchange rate and chemical diffusivity of H + and O 2− are characterized by electrical conductivity relaxation. The physical locations of electrochemical processes are also identified by atomic layer deposition with a surface inhibitor. A microkinetics model is proposed toward conductivities, triple-conducting pathways, reactant dependency, surface exchange and bulk diffusion capabilities, and other relevant properties. Finally, the rate-limiting steps and suggestions for further improvement of electrode performance are presented.