In this paper, a configuration procedure of a transportation infrastructure system for GNSS based very precise real-time positioning is proposed. This infrastructure system consists of several receiving station, a central station, and communication sub-systems. The required performance, design, implementation and verification of each sub-system are explained respectively. The required performance can be broken down into accuracy, integrity, stability, processing time. The design of the each sub-system is performed in accordance with the required performance and each sub-system is built with regard to the design. Lastly the implemented system is verified in comparison with the required performance.
This study demonstrates the successful 3D printing of dental resin-based composites (DRCs) containing ceramic particles using the digital light processing (DLP) technique. The mechanical properties and oral rinsing stability of the printed composites were evaluated. DRCs have been extensively studied for restorative and prosthetic dentistry due to their clinical performance and aesthetic quality. They are often subjected to periodic environmental stress, and thus can easily undergo undesirable premature failure. Here, we investigated the effects of two different high-strength and biocompatible ceramic additives, carbon nanotube (CNT) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), on the mechanical properties and oral rinsing stabilities of DRCs. Dental resin matrices containing different wt.% of CNT or YSZ were printed using the DLP technique after analyzing the rheological behavior of slurries. Mechanical properties such as Rockwell hardness and flexural strength, as well as the oral rinsing stability of the 3D-printed composites, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that a DRC with 0.5 wt.% YSZ exhibits the highest hardness of 19.8 ± 0.6 HRB and a flexural strength flexural strength of 50.6 ± 6 MPa, as well as reasonable oral rinsing steadiness. This study provides a fundamental perspective for designing advanced dental materials containing biocompatible ceramic particles.
Line tracking is a well defined method of mobile robot navigation. It is simple in concept, technically easy to implement, and already employed in many industrial sites. Among several different line tracking methods, magnetic sensing is widely used in practice. In comparison, vision-based tracking is less popular due mainly to its sensitivity to surrounding conditions such as brightness and floor characteristics although vision is the most powerful robotic sensing capability. In this paper, a vision-based robust path line detection technique is proposed for the navigation of a mobile robot assuming uncontrollable surrounding conditions. The technique proposed has four processing steps; color space transformation, pixel-level line sensing, block-level line sensing, and robot navigation control. This technique effectively uses hue and saturation color values in the line sensing so to be insensitive to the brightness variation. Line finding in block-level makes not only the technique immune from the error of line pixel detection but also the robot control easy. The proposed technique was tested with a real mobile robot and proved its effectiveness.
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