Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is a global public health problem. Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-), a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhmurium, is one of the leading Salmonella serovars in several countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to this serovar in China through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nineteen eligible studies during 2011–2021 were included. A total of 4514 isolates from humans, animals, foods, and the environment were reported, which mainly concerned isolates found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, and Shanghai. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled resistance rate of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-. Rates were found to be very high (values ≥ 75%) for tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin; high (50–75%) for nalidixic acid, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol; and moderate (25–50%) for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, trimethoprim, and gentamicin. The rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, and colistin were low (values ≤ 25%), but of great concern in terms of their current clinical importance. Furthermore, a high multidrug resistance rate (86%, 95% CI: 78–92%) was present in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, with the ASSuT pattern largely dominating. Subgroup analysis results showed that the high heterogeneity of resistance rates was not entirely dependent on isolated sources. Taken together, the severity of antibiotic resistance in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- urgently requires the rational use of antibiotics in future infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs.
Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) has been recognized as an emerging foodborne pathogen in recent years. It can cause human salmonellosis predominated by the contamination of animal-derived foods such as raw poultry and pork. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity, plasmid replicon types, and antibiotic resistance of 15 S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates collected from two poultry farms using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing, and minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Ten different PFGE genotypes were detected, indicating a high diversity among these S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three sequence types (ST19, ST1544, ST34) were identified by MLST. Among them, ST1544 was first detected in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms. All isolates were resistant to cefazolin, cefotetan, tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin, but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ertapenem. Five incompatibility groups (Inc) of plasmids were identified, including IncFIIs (66.7%), IncHI2 (20%), IncI1 (6.7%), IncN (6.7%), and IncQ (6.7%). Among these, 80% of isolates carried at least one plasmid replicon type, and 20% of isolates carried multiple plasmid replicon types. Interestingly, the multidrug-resistant isolate 263 carried numerous resistance genes (i.e., qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, floR, and mcr-1) and class I integronase gene intI1, which possessed both IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids, suggesting that resistance genes may be horizontally transferred by the combination of IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids. Collectively, antibiotic-resistant S.1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates were first found in poultry farm environments in China, and its surveillance should be strengthened to prevent its further spread from poultry farms to foods.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.