Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Variant 1,4,[5],12:i:-in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Qin, Xiaojie; Yang, Mingzhe; Cai, Hua; Liu, Yangtai; Gorris, L.G.M.; Aslam, Muhammad Zohaib; Jia, Kai; Sun, Tianmei; Wang, Xiang; Dong, Qingli

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11040532

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The resistance of Salmonella strains to streptomycin noted in this study cannot be explained by the use of antibiotic therapy in reptiles, as streptomycin is not used in treatment of these animals in Poland. It also appears that the reduced susceptibility to streptomycin recorded in the study is not a result of acquired resistance, as none of the strains contained the genes that determine streptomycin resistance in Salmonella ( strA , strB , aadA , aac(3)-IVa , and aphA1 ) [ 66 , 67 ]. For all strains, a small zone of inhibition of growth was recorded around the streptomycin discs, i.e., up to 13.5 mm, while a diameter ≤11 mm indicates resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

et al. 2022

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Reptiles are considered a potential source of Salmonella transmission to humans. The aim of this research was to determine the incidence of Salmonella in pet reptiles in Poland and to examine Salmonella isolates with regard to their biochemical characteristics, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pathogenic and zoonotic potential. The research material consisted of 67 reptile faeces samples. The taxonomic affiliation of the Salmonella isolates was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, biochemical analyses, and serotyping; whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed on three isolates whose serotype could not be determined by agglutination. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates was determined by the broth dilution method, and in the case of some antimicrobials by the disk diffusion method. The pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the identified serotypes was estimated based on available reports and case studies. The presence of Salmonella was confirmed in 71.6% of faecal samples, with the highest incidence (87.1%) recorded for snakes, followed by lizards (77.8%) and turtles (38.9%). All isolates (n = 51) belonged to the species S. enterica, predominantly to subspecies I (66.7%) and IIIb (25.5%). Among these, 25 serotypes were identified, including 10 that had previously been confirmed to cause reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS). Salmonella isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial substances used except streptomycin, to which 9.8% of the strains showed resistance. None of the strains contained corresponding resistance genes. The study demonstrates that pet reptiles kept in Poland are a significant reservoir of Salmonella and contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of reptilian Salmonella strains. Due to the risk of salmonellosis, contact with these animals requires special hygiene rules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

et al. 2022

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“…In fact, the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium has been usually characterized by displaying AMR to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline (ASSuT) [7,[40][41][42]. Subsequently, it has also been related to resistance to critical antimicrobials for humans, such as third-generation cephalosporins, fosfomycin, and colistin [43][44][45], which has raised concerns about the limitation of antimicrobial therapeutic options. In this study, we used a summary measure for AMR, the so-called percentage resistance (PR) [25], to determine whether there were differences in overall AMR against the 17 antimicrobial agents tested among the three groups of serotypes considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Bernad-Roche

Casanova-Higes

Marín-Alcalá

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pigs shedding Salmonella at slaughter are considered a source of carcass contamination and human infection. To assess this potential risk, the proportion of Salmonella shedders that arrive for slaughter was evaluated in a population of 1068 pigs from 24 farms. Shedding was present in 27.3% of the pigs, and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, an emerging zoonotic serotype, was the most prevalent (46.9%). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates was common, but few isolates showed AMR to antimicrobials of critical importance for humans such as third-generation cephalosporins (5%), colistin (0%), or carbapenems (0%). However, AMR to tigecycline was moderately high (15%). The efficacy of an esterified formic acid in the lairage drinking water (3 kg formic acid/1000 L) was also assessed as a potential abattoir-based strategy to reduce Salmonella shedding. It was able to reduce the proportion of shedders (60.7% in the control group (CG) vs. 44.3% in the treatment group (TG); p < 0.01). After considering clustering and confounding factors, the odds of shedding Salmonella in the CG were 2.75 (95% CI = 1.80–4.21) times higher than those of the TG, suggesting a potential efficacy of reduction in shedding as high as 63.6%. This strategy may contribute to mitigating the burden of abattoir environmental contamination.

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“…A recent rise of antibiotic resistant Salmonella strains globally underpins the need for alternative treatments and prevention measures against foodborne pathogens. One avenue may be the use of probiotic bacteria to reduce the intensity or duration of infection [37,62,63]. Alistipes sp002428825 and Akkermansia muciniphila clustered closely with genomes from human microbial communities and we explore here their potential as anti-inflammatory probiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposing New Taxonomic Variation with Inflammation – A Murine Model-Specific Genome Database for Gut Microbiome Researchers

Leleiwi

Rodríguez-Ramos

Shaffer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The murine CBA/J mouse model widely supports immunology and enteric pathogen research. This model has illuminated Salmonella interactions with the gut microbiome since pathogen proliferation does not require disruptive pretreatment of the native microbiota, nor does it become systemic, thereby representing an analog to gastroenteritis disease progression in humans. Despite the value to broad research communities, microbiota in CBA/J mice are not represented in current murine microbiome genome catalogs. Results Here we present the first microbial and viral genomic catalog of the CBA/J murine gut microbiome. Using fecal microbial communities from untreated and Salmonella-infected, highly inflamed mice, we performed genomic reconstruction to determine the impacts on gut microbiome membership and functional potential. From high depth whole community sequencing (42.4 Gbps/sample), we reconstructed 2,281 bacterial and 4,129 viral draft genomes. Salmonella challenge significantly altered gut membership in CBA/J mice, revealing 30 genera and 98 species that were conditionally rare and unsampled in non-inflamed mice. Additionally, inflamed communities were depleted in microbial genes that modulate host anti-inflammatory pathways and enriched in genes for respiratory energy generation. Our findings suggest decreases in butyrate concentrations during Salmonella infection corresponded to reductions in the relative abundance in members of the Alistipes. Strain-level comparison of CBA/J microbial genomes to prominent murine gut microbiome databases identified newly sampled lineages in this resource, while comparisons to human gut microbiomes extended the host relevance of dominant CBA/J inflammation resistant strains. Conclusions This CBA/J microbiome database provides the first genomic sampling of relevant, uncultivated microorganisms within the gut from this widely used laboratory model. Using this resource, we curated a functional, strain-resolved view on how Salmonella remodels intact murine gut communities, advancing pathobiome understanding beyond inferences from prior amplicon-based approaches. Salmonella-induced inflammation suppressed Alistipes and other dominant members, while rarer commensals like Lactobacillus and Enterococcus endure. The rare and novel species sampled across this inflammation gradient advance the utility of this microbiome resource to benefit the broad research needs of the CBA/J scientific community, and those using murine models for understanding the impact of inflammation on the gut microbiome more generally.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Variant 1,4,[5],12:i:-in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 65 publications

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Exposing New Taxonomic Variation with Inflammation – A Murine Model-Specific Genome Database for Gut Microbiome Researchers

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