Transparent, UV-filtered, anti-freezing, and moisture-retention organohydrogel-based sensors are prepared by incorporating ions/microparticles into a binary solvent system.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, can be classified into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is the most common histological type, accounting for 85% of all lung cancers. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutations, common in NSCLC, are associated with poor prognosis, likely due to poor responses to most systemic therapies and lack of targeted drugs. The latest published clinical trial data on new small-molecule KRAS G12C inhibitors, AMG510 and MRTX849, indicate that these molecules may potentially help treat KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Simultaneously, within the immuno-therapeutic process, immune efficacy has been observed in those patients who have KRAS mutations. In this article, the pathogenesis, treatment status, progress of immunotherapy, and targeted therapy of KRAS-mutant NSCLC are reviewed.

Background There is only limited knowledge of the treatment responses and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in driver gene‐negative non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM). This study aims to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in these patients in a real world setting. Methods NSCLC‐BM patients without driver gene mutations who received ICIs were retrospectively identified between July 2017 and December 2019. The primary observation endpoint was intracranial objective response rate (iORR), and secondary objectives were objective response rate (ORR), intracranial and systemic progression‐free survival (iPFS, PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results We reviewed 1578 patients with lung cancer and BM. According to the exclusion criteria, 41 patients were finally enrolled. Among these 41 patients, iORR was 36.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 21.2%–52.0%), whereas iPFS was 6.8 (95% CI = 3.32–10.35) months. Additionally, ORR, PFS, and OS were 24.4% (95% CI = 10.7%–38.1%), 6.2 (95% CI = 4.57–7.83) months and 13.7 (95% CI = 11.20–16.26) months, respectively. ICIs combined with concurrent radiotherapy group exhibited preferred iORR (p = 0.030) compared with no radiotherapy group, and ICIs plus chemotherapy showed improved OS (p = 0.024) compared to ICI monotherapy. Moreover, the lines of ICI treatment ≥2 (p = 0.005) and derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) ≥3 (p = 0.010) were independently negative factors for OS. Conclusion In NSCLC‐BMs patients lacking driver genes, ICIs exhibited an effective drug regime. A combination of ICIs with concurrent radiotherapy showed a better intracranial response, whereas ICIs plus chemotherapy were associated with superior OS.

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