BACKGROUND: With the growing global influence of new coronary pneumonia and an increasing number of successful education case, spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) has arisen as an application for effective integration with teaching and learning. OBJECTIVE: This is a mixed-methods study on SVVR-based training for pre-service CSL teachers to more effectively develop their cross-cultural communication and interaction abilities. METHODS: An experimental strategy was adopted in this work. First, the processing of VR technology for designed TVET courses, including practical training courses, had been completed; The second experiment was a group experiment of one month; Finally, the hypotheses were tested by an independent sample t-test. RESULTS: Based on experiment data of the learners, this study build a multi-modal hybrid training and recognition model and confirm hybrid approach effectively improves the intercultural communication abilities of pre-service CSL teachers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study confirm that information technology plays an important role in pre-service CSL teacher training, and teachers should incorporate more information technology, design more hands-on interactive activities and scenarios, and take into account the individual differences of learners in the teaching process. Several policy proposals are offered to ensure that ICT is better integrated into classroom instruction.
Solar energy technology innovation plays a crucial role in achieving green and sustainable development and a low-carbon economy. The literature focuses on the economic and environmental effects of solar energy but ignores the role of solar energy investment in multilateral development banks (MDBs) on technological innovation. Using the panel data of 37 countries, including OECD countries and China, from 2006 to 2019, we adopt a multi-period DID model to empirically analyze the impact of solar energy investment in MDBs on technological innovation. The results show that solar energy investment in MDBs can significantly promote technological innovation, with the conclusion still being valid after conducting a series of robustness tests. The heterogeneity results indicate that the promoting effect of solar energy investment in MDBs on technological innovation is more significant in regions with higher human capital and higher innovation ability. The findings of this paper can be a useful addition to the literature on solar energy and technological innovation and serve as a useful reference for countries around the world as they accelerate solar energy investment and promote technological innovation.
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