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Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles have emerged as a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy. However, the immunologic mechanism remains elusive, and there are still crucial issues to be addressed including tumor-homing capacity, immune incompatibility, and immunogenicity. Here, we reported a tumor-associated macrophage membrane (TAMM) derived from the primary tumor with unique antigen-homing affinity capacity and immune compatibility. TAMM could deplete the CSF1 secreted by tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), blocking the interaction between TAM and cancer cells. Especially, after coating TAMM to upconversion nanoparticle with conjugated photosensitizer (NPR@TAMM), NPR@TAMM-mediated photodynamic immunotherapy switched the activation of macrophages from an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype to a more inflammatory M1-like state, induced immunogenic cell death, and consequently enhanced the antitumor immunity efficiency via activation of antigen-presenting cells to stimulate the production of tumor-specific effector T cells in metastatic tumors. This TAM-membrane-based photodynamic immunotherapy approach offers a new strategy for personalized tumor therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer; however, a critical challenge remains in the rational design of synergistic nanoparticles as potential photothermal transduction agent that can effectively enhance the therapeutic outcome of PTT for tumor ablation. Herein, we rationally designed, developed, and characterized hollow-structured CuS nanoparticles composited with carbon dots (CuSCD), which demonstrated excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under 808 nm laser irradiation with enhanced biocompatibility and reduced toxicity. Following coating macrophage membrane hybridized with T7 peptide on the surface of proteasome inhibitor loaded CuSCD, CuSCDB@MMT7 exhibited targeted specificity to cancer cells with the characteristics of immune escaping and enhanced transferrin receptormediated endocytosis. Predominantly, CuSCDB@MMT7-triggered PTT exhibited the accumulation of polyubiquitinated tumor suppressor protein that is heat stabilized under NIR induced hyperthermia, facilitating augmented tumor cell apoptosis and the attenuated metastasis.This study provides a proof-of-concept for the proteasome inhibitor-loaded CuS/carbon dots nanocomposites-PTT strategy, and highlights a promising therapeutic strategy for realizing enhanced therapeutic outcomes for effective clinical cancer therapy. KEYWORDS: photothermal therapy, carbon dots, CuS nanoparticles, bortezomib, polyubiquitinated proteins Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive and potentially effective therapeutic modality that is capable of eliminating a variety of cancer types. 1 PTT is essentially the ablation of tumor through localized hyperthermia achieved by utilizing photothermal effect of photothermal transduction agents (PTAs), which converts optical energy into thermal energy upon irradiation Page 2 of 48 ACS Paragon Plus Environment ACS Nano 3with light. 2,3 However, the major challenge to PTT is the limited photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of photothermal transduction agents (PTAs), which may lead to inefficient and incomplete ablation of the entire tumors on irradiation. 4,5 In particular, a barrier is that the minimum laser power intensity for effective PTT is still significantly higher than the conservative limit for human skin exposure. Improving the PCE and reducing the laser power density has become a direction for the development of PTT. Owing to the high PCE, enhanced photothermal stability, versatility, and ease of synthesis and surface modification, inorganic or its hybrid materials have been extensively used as the PTAs. 6 However, in addition to the reported potential toxicity of some inorganic agents, their poor stability in the physiological condition, low drug loading capacity, low biodegradability, and compositions complexity may impede their metabolism resulting in their long-time accumulation in the body, thus these drawbacks have limited their clinical applications. 7 To address these limitations, studies have been devoted by various research groups for the inve...

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Fluorescent thermometers with near-infrared (NIR) emission play an important role in visualizing the intracellular temperature with high resolution and investigating the cellular functions and biochemical activities. Herein, we designed and synthesized a donor−Π–acceptor luminogen, 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(4-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)­styryl) phenyl) fumaronitrile (TBB) by Suzuki coupling reaction. TBB exhibited twisted intramolecular charge transfer-based NIR emission, aggregation-induced emission, and temperature-sensitive emission features. A ratiometric fluorescent thermometer was constructed by encapsulating thermosensitive NIR fluorophore TBB and Rhodamine 110 dye into an amphiphilic polymer matrix F127 to form TBB&R110@F127 nanoparticles (TRF NPs). TRF NPs showed a good temperature sensitivity of 2.37%·°C–1, wide temperature response ranges from 25 to 65 °C, and excellent temperature-sensitive emission reversibility. Intracellular thermometry experiments indicated that TRF NPs could monitor the cellular temperature change from 25 to 53 °C for Hep-G2 cells under the photothermal therapy agent heating process, indicating the considerable potential applications of TRF NPs in the biological thermometry field.

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A UiO-66-coated mesh membrane with micro- and nanostructures was designed and successfully fabricated on steel mesh through a simple solution immersion process, exhibiting hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. It displays an outstanding oil-water separation efficiency over 99.99% with a high water permeation flux of 12.7 × 10 L m h, so high purity water (with the residual oil content less than 4 ppm) can be readily obtained from such a simple mesh membrane from various oil-water mixtures. Its large-scale membrane production will facilitate its practical usage for the industrial and environmental water purification.