The sonochemical decomposition of volatile organometallic compounds produces high surface area solids that consist of agglomerates of nanometer clusters. For iron pentacarbonyl and tricarbonylnitrosylcobalt, nanostructured metals and alloys are formed; for molybdenum hexacarbonyl, the metal carbide is produced. These sonochemically produced nanostructured solids are active heterogeneous catalysts for hydrocarbon re-forming and CO hydrogenation. The sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and catalytic studies will be discussed in this review.
The operating temperatures of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are generally restricted to a narrow range of −20 to 55°C because the electrolyte is composed of highly volatile and flammable organic solvents and thermally unstable salts. Herein, the use of concentrated electrolytes is proposed to widen the operating temperature to −20 to 100°C. It is demonstrated that a 4.0 mol L −1 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 /dimethyl carbonate electrolyte enables the stable charge-discharge cycling of a graphite anode and a high-capacity LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 cathode and the corresponding full cell in a wide temperature range from −20 to 100°C owing to the highly thermal stable solvation structure of the concentrated electrolyte together with the robust and Li + -conductive passivation interphase it offered that alleviate various challenges at high temperatures. This work demonstrates the potential for the development of safe LIBs without the need for bulky and heavy thermal management systems, thus significantly increasing the overall energy density.
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