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This work reviews the existing open literature concerned with pipeline steel corrosion in CO 2 -rich phase with impurities for carbon capture and storage purpose. The intent of this review was to provide information on the corrosion mechanisms, which is crucial for establishing the mechanistic prediction models. The primary focus was placed on key affecting parameters and their corresponding mechanisms, while the corrosion control strategies and research prospects are also discussed. This review covers the effects of: impurities, pressure, temperature, flow, exposure time, product layers, and steel chemistry. The influences of flow dynamics, amines, sulphur, and solids that had received little systematic attention need to be further addressed. Contradictory conclusions regarding the influence of H 2 O and O 2 on the corrosion rates should be re-evaluated. The localised corrosion and cathodic reaction mechanisms also require further investigation, especially under synergistic conditions with multiple impurities.

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Comprehensive impingement heat transfer coefficients data are presented with varied Reynolds number, hole spacing, jet-to-target distance, and hole inclination utilizing transient liquid crystal. The impingement configurations include: streamwise and spanwise jet-to-jet spacing (X/D, Y/D) are 4∼8 and jet-to-target plate distance (Z/D) is 0.75∼3, which composed a test matrix of 36 different geometries. The Reynolds numbers vary between 5,000 and 25,000. Additionally, hole inclination pointing to the upstream direction (θ: 0 deg∼40 deg) is also investigated to compare with normal impingement jets. Local and averaged heat transfer coefficients data are presented to illustrate that (1) surface Nusselt numbers increase with streamwise development for low impingement distance, while decrease for large impingement distance. The increase or decrease variations are also influenced by Reynolds number, streamwise and spanwise spacings. (2) Nusselt numbers of impingement jets with inclined angle are similar to those of normal impingement jets. Due to the increase or decrease variations corresponding to small or large impingement distance, a two-regime-based correlation, based on that of Florschuetz et al., is developed to predict row-averaged Nusselt number. The new correlation is capable to cover low Z/D∼0.75 and presents better prediction of row-averaged Nusselt number, which proves to be an effective impingement design tool.