Photodetectors fabricated on microstructured silicon are reported. The photodetectors exhibited high photoresponse; at 3V bias, the responsivities were 92A∕W at 850nm and 119A∕W at 960nm. At wavelengths longer than 1.1μm, the photodetectors still showed strong photoresponse. A generation-recombination gain mechanism has been proposed to explain the photoresponse of these photodiodes. From measurements of the noise current density, the calculated gain was approximately 1200 at 3V bias.

We report the demonstration of a two-color infrared focal plane array based on a voltage-tunable quantum dots-in-well ͑DWELL͒ design. The active region consists of multiple layers of InAs quantum dots in an In 0.15 Ga 0.85 As quantum well. Spectral response measurements yielded a peak at 5.5 m for lower biases and at 8-10 m for higher biases. Using calibrated blackbody measurements, the midwavelength and long wavelength specific detectivity ͑D * ͒ were estimated to be 7.1ϫ 10 10 cm Hz 1/2 /W͑V b = 1.0 V͒ and 2.6ϫ 10 10 cm Hz 1/2 /W͑V b = 2.6 V͒ at 78 K, respectively. This material was processed into a 320ϫ 256 array and integrated with an Indigo 9705 readout chip and thermal imaging was achieved at 80 K.

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Starting from molybdenum (Mo) embedded in black phosphorus, 17 single-Mo catalysts with various combinations of ligands, including phosphorous (P), boron (B), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and carbon (C), have been computationally examined as catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction. Among them, Mo–PC2, Mo–PB2, and Mo–BC2 have been identified as the most promising catalysts, offering an overall overpotential less than 0.60 V. Mo–BC2 is particularly attractive as it also shows a high nitrogen reduction reaction selectivity over the hydrogen evolution reaction. Such high performance is originated essentially from the mediation of the ligands, which effectively shift the d-band center of the Mo atom toward the Fermi energy.

T cell-based immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment paradigms in various cancers, however, limited response rates secondary to lack of significant T-cell infiltration in the tumor site remain a major problem. To address this limitation, strategies for redirecting T cells to treat cancer are being intensively investigated, while the bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy constitutes one of the most promising therapeutic approaches. BiTE is a bispecific antibody construct with a unique function, simultaneously binding an antigen on tumor cells and a surface molecule on T cells to induce tumor lysis. BiTE therapy represented by blinatumomab has achieved impressive efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies. However, major mechanisms of resistance to BiTE therapy are associated with antigen loss and immunosuppressive factors such as the upregulation of immune checkpoints. Thus, modification of antibody constructs and searching for combination strategies designed to further enhance treatment efficacy as well as reduce toxicity has become an urgent issue, especially for solid tumors in which response to BiTE therapy is always poor. In particular, immunotherapies focusing on innate immunity have attracted increasing interest and have shown promising anti-tumor activity by engaging innate cells or innate-like cells, which can be used alone or complement current therapies. In this review, we depict the landscape of BiTE therapy, including clinical advances with potential response predictors, challenges of treatment toxicity and resistance, and developments of novel immune cell-based engager therapy.

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Compared to the aza-Wittig reaction of aldehydes, ketones, amides and esters, the aza-Wittig reaction of acid anhydride was always overlooked, which should be important part of Wittig reactions. Here, aza-Wittig reaction of anhydride and catalytic aza-Wittig reaction of anhydride were both developed with high yields, which provides an efficient method to synthesize of 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-ones and 4-benzylidene-2-aryloxazol-5(4H)-ones. The strategy of copper-catalyzed reduction of phosphine oxide was used and found effective for this transformation. Additionally, the one-pot catalytic aza-Wittig reaction of carboxylic acids was achieved. Furthermore, NMR experiments and Hammett plot recorded the process of catalytic aza-Wittig reaction of anhydride, which provides direct proof that the copper-catalyzed reduction of waste phosphine oxide is the key step in this transformation.