Organic amendments have been widely used in coastal saline–alkali soil remediation; however, the mechanisms involved and the interactions between organic and inorganic amendments are still unclear. In this work, furfural residue (particulate; C/N ratio: 51.87; O‐alkyl C + di‐O‐alkyl C: 42.35%, aromatic C: 40.89%) and black liquor (dissolved; C/N ratio: 3.11; O‐alkyl C + di‐O‐alkyl C: 32.20%, aromatic C: 28.32%) were tested to examine their effects on chemical properties, water‐stable aggregate fractions, chemical compositions of solid‐state soil organic matter (SOM), gloaming‐related soil protein contents, and microbial communities of coastal saline–alkali soil under a 400‐day incubation experiment. Furthermore, organic amendments mixed with mineral amendment (4:1) were employed to explore the interactions between organic and inorganic amendments. Furfural residue had stronger and longer effects on soil macroaggregate stability (~240 days, intense) than black liquor (~15 days, weak), and mineral amendment addition had a positive effect on the stability of microaggregates. Our results revealed that qualities (primary form, C/N ratio, and chemical composition) of organic amendment which can change microbial communities by increasing soil C/N ratio and effective chemical compositions of solid‐state SOM, are the key factors in promoting the rapid formation and longer stability of coastal saline–alkali soil aggregates. Moreover, inorganic amendment addition can further improve the formation and stability of microaggregates rather than those of macroaggregates. This study provided a much‐needed technical basis for remediation of coastal saline–alkali soil.
Large tablet controlled-release fertilizers (LCRFs) can significantly improve nutrient utilization and reduce coating costs. However, traditional petrochemical coating materials are expensive and non-renewable. Furthermore, conventional heat-curing coating process is both...
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) could improve crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency. However, the coating materials of conventional CRFs are mainly derived from petrochemical products, which are expensive and nondegradable, bringing potential environmental pollution. Therefore, using sustainable bio-based materials is the development direction. In this study, large tablet urea (LTU) was prepared using physical extrusion technology. The economical and biodegradable liquefied apple tree branch bio-based coating material was used to coat LTU, obtaining large tablet CRFs (LTCRUs). Also, the optimum proportion of liquefaction of apple tree branches modified by castor oil was studied. The specific surface area, surface morphology, and FTIR of LTCRU were characterized. The results showed that the surface of the LTCRU was the most smooth and the LTCRU modified with 30% castor oil presented the best controlled-release characteristics. The specific surface area of LTCRU was one-third of that of traditional small-particle fertilizers, which indicated that reducing the using dosage of coating materials is economical. Overall, this work provided theoretical and technical supports for the industrialization of biocoated superlarge tablet urea, which is conducive to the green development of agriculture.
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