Direct liquid-feed fuel cells possess high energy and power densities, but suffer from severe adhesion of gas products. Here, a "superaerophobic" surface that enables a small release size and fast evolution behavior of the gas product is introduced, thereby, maximizing and stabilizing the working area. Consequently, the "superaerophobic" nanostructured Cu electrodes exhibit excellent performance as anodes in a direct hydrazine fuel cell.
Pt/CeO 2 catalysts with different support shapes and prereduction temperatures were prepared and tested in the liquidphase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Detailed characterizations reveal that the support shape effect of Pt/CeO 2 catalysts on nitrobenzene hydrogenation originates from the exposed crystal planes on CeO 2 with different reducibilities. A high-energy surface is readily reduced to generate more Ce 3+ surface sites and oxygen vacancies, not only favoring the dispersion and stabilization of Pt species due to stronger metal−support interaction but also providing more adsorption sites for reactants and intermediates. Reduction treatment at high temperatures has been proved to be an effective way to improve the performance of Pt/CeO 2 catalysts by providing additional Ce 3+ surface sites and high H-spillover capability. The additional Ce 3+ far away from Pt, derived from a high-temperature reduction, can adsorb the N-phenylhydroxylamine intermediate more effectively due to its stronger electron-donating ability and in turn promote aniline formation. It is also found that Na ions with suitable content facilitate the generation and stabilization of surface Ce 3+ by charge transfer and help Pt particles to maintain a smaller size. Consequently, a 0.25 wt % Pt catalyst, supported on Na-containing CeO 2 nanorods and reduced at 600 °C, displays a high level of aniline productivity of 40.8 mol AN /g Pt /h and excellent stability in nitrobenzene hydrogenation at room temperature. A pathway of nitrobenzene hydrogenation catalyzed by Pt/CeO 2 is also proposed.
Ultrathin 2D metal alloy nanomaterials have great potential applications but their controlled syntheses are limited to few noble metal based systems. Herein NixCo1−
x alloy nanosheets with ultrathin (sub‐3 nm) single‐crystalline 2D structure are synthesized through a topochemical reduction method. Moreover, the optimized composition Ni0.6Co0.4 alloy nanosheets array exhibits excellent performances for hydrazine oxidation reaction and direct hydrazine fuel cells.
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