1,2-Alkanediol exhibits antibacterial activity against several bacteria and yeast. However, few studies have reported antimicrobial tests on skin microbiome. Bacterial microbiome on the skin surface include Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which causes rough skin and inflammation in atopic dermatitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), which enhances innate immunity. In this study, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated for 1,2-alkanediol comprising 4-12 carbon atoms against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. 1,2-Alkanediol comprising 6-12 carbon atoms exhibited antimicrobial activity against both species of Staphylococcus. The antibacterial activity depended on the alkyl chain length. In addition, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on agar was evaluated for 1,2-alkanediol comprising 6-12 carbon atoms. 1,2-Octanediol and 1,2-decanediol exhibited significant bactericidal activity.
IntroductionFatty acids are widely added in body cleaners and cosmetics because of their excellent foaming ability, cleansing ability, and low toxicity 1, 2 . In particular, some fatty acids have selective antibacterial properties; they show antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus which causes atopic dermatitis and skin roughness, while they do not against Staphylococcus epidermidis S. epidermidis which contributes to the immune system of human skin 3 5 . Therefore, fatty acids have been focused as key materials for body cleaners and skin care cosmetics. In previous studies, we reported that the alkyl chain length, unsaturated degree, and metal ions of fatty acids affect their antibacterial activity against Staphylococci, and that several fatty acids such as myristic acid and palmitoleic acid and their derivatives selectively inhibit the growth of S. aureus 6 10 .
S. epidermidis owing to its hydrophobic long alkyl chain.The antimicrobial behavior of 1,2-alkanediol in mixed systems with other components is unclear as only a single antimicrobial agent was added in these evaluation systems in previous study. However, various antimicrobial ingredients such as acids, salts, sebum and preservatives can coexist on the surface of the skin, if cosmetic and cleansing products containing 1,2-alkanediol are applied to keep the body clean and healthy 12 14 . These substances may affect the antimicrobial properties against skin bacteria. The antibacterial ability against S. aureus or E. coli was improved when 1,2-alkanediol was mixed with dipropylene glycol or phenoxyethanol 15,16 . Therefore, the antimicrobial behavior in mixed systems, including multiple antimicrobial agents, is important for the preparation of effective antimicrobial systems. The checkerboard method is useful for evaluating Abstract: 1,2-Alkanediols are characteristic cosmetic ingredients because these moisturizers exhibit the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). However, the antimicrobial behavior in mixed systems containing several active ingredients is unclear because previous reports focus on an antibacterial system containing only 1,2-alkanediol. In this study, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) were evaluated for 1,2-dodecanediol/lactic acid, 1,2-dodecanediol/myristic acid, 1,2-dodecanediol/methylparaben, and 1,2-dodecanediol/isopropyl methylphenol mixed systems to show the effect of the addition of other antimicrobial components to 1,2-dodecanediol. The antibacterial property of 1,2-dodecanediol/lactic acid mixed system was almost similar compared to 1,2-dodecanediol monomeric system. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of 1,2-dodecanediol against S. epidermidis was inhibited in the 1,2-dodecanediol/ myristic acid mixed system. Because the selective antimicrobial activity of myristic acid against S. aureus was demonstrated in the mixed system. The present findings are useful for designing formulations of cosmetics and body cleansers containing 1,2-dodecanediol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.