A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of almond intake on lipid profile in recent years; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present study aims to summarize...

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices in adult subjects. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI...

This meta‐analysis was designed to determine the effect of quinoa seed on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched electronically from their inception to February 2020 to identify eligible RCTs. We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random‐effects models. Five eligible RCTs representing 206 subjects were enrolled. The pooled result showed that quinoa seed supplementation significantly lowered the body weight (WMD: −1.26 kg, 95% CI: −2.35, −0.18, p = .02), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.15 cm, 95% CI: −2.08, −0.21, p = .01), fat mass (FM) (WMD: −0.59%, 95% CI: −1.14, −0.03, p = .03), insulin serum level (WMD: −0.86 pmol/L, 95% CI: −13.38, −1.59, p = .01), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: −7.20 mg/dl, 95% CI: −9.52, −4.87, p < .001), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: −6.86 mg/dl, 95% CI: −10.64, −3.08, p < .001), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: −3.08 mg/dl, 95% CI: −5.13, −1.03, p = .003) levels. However, no significant changes were seen in other markers (p > .05). The current evidence suggests that quinoa seed might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans.

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of grapes/grape products supplementation on glycemic indices in adults. Our systematic search to find relevant RCTs was performed up to February 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Based on the heterogeneity between included studies, a random effects or a fixed model was applied in the meta‐analysis, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty‐nine clinical trials (1,297 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of the present meta‐analysis. Overall, the grapes/grape products supplementation significantly reduced homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (WMD: −0.54, 95% CI: −0.91, −0.17, p = . 004) but did not affect fasting insulin levels (WMD: −0.90 μIU/ml, 95% CI: −1.04, 2.84, p = .362) and hemoglobin A1C (Hb1Ac) percentage (WMD: 0.00%, 95% CI: −0.10, 0.11, p = . 916) in the main analyses. In addition, changes to fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were in favor of the control group (WMD: 1.19 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.34, p = .041). We found that giving grapes/grape products to adults might have beneficial effects on the HOMA‐IR. Further, large‐scale RCTs with longer duration are required to confirm these results.

This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to determine the effects of grapes and grape products on inflammation and oxidative stress among adults. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2020 to identify RCTs investigating the effects of grape and grape products on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were pooled using a random‐effects model. Of the 8,962 identified studies, 24 RCTs (27 arms) were included in the statistical analysis. Grape products significantly reduced serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD: −0.35 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.62, −0.09, p = .008), but they had no significant effect on serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) (WMD = −1.08 pg/ml; 95% CI: −2.29, 0.11, p = .07), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (WMD = 0.13 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.60, p = .60), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.65, p = .54), or malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD = 0.14; 95% CI: −0.64, 0.92, p = .72). The analysis indicated possible decreasing effects of grapes and grape products on CRP, but they might not be able to change IL‐6, TNF‐α, TAC, and MDA concentrations. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted before definitive conclusions may be reached.

Number trials have evaluated the effect of almond intake on glycemic control in adults; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of almond intake on glycemic parameters. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2021 for trials that examined the effect of almond intake on glycemic control parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we used the random-effects model. In total, 24 studies with 31 arms were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake did not significantly change the concentrations of FBS, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, there is currently no convincing evidence that almonds have a clear beneficial effect on glycemic control. Future studies are needed before any confirmed conclusion could be drowned.

Previous studies have suggested that grape and its products may possess blood pressure (BP)-lowering properties. Due to inconsistencies in results, we aimed to systematically examine the effect of grape products on BP by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched until March 2020. Human clinical trials which reported the effect of grape products supplementation on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were included. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as a weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Twentyeight studies comprising a total of 1344 subjects were included in our metaanalysis. The overall outcome of the meta-analysis indicates that grape products consumption can significantly reduce SBP (WMD: −3.40 mmHg, 95% CI: −6.55, −0.24, p = .03, I 2 = 93.4%) and DBP (WMD: −1.69 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.12, −0.27, p = .01, I 2 = 80.4%). This meta-analysis found a moderate and statistically significant reduction for either SBP or DBP with grape products compared with controls. Additional high-quality studies are needed to further evaluate the causal conclusions.