Background:Patients with breast cancer are predisposed to some psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders due to their life styles or disease conditions. These problems cause patients to deal with daily stress, feeling guilty, anxiety, dysphoric mood, and impaired social relations. Such problems would lead to serious mental disorders.Objectives:Therefore, life skills training may help patients to cope better with their condition, and improve their mental health.Materials and Method:In an experimental study, 50 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and assigned to 2 experimental and control groups. The experimental group attended life skills training classes for 10 weeks continuously (each class lasting 2 hours). Participants in both the experimental and control groups completed a GHQ-28 questionnaire form before the commencement of classes, and again after 2 weeks to 2 months of the course completion. T-test was used as the statistical method.Results:In life skills training group, depressive and anxiety symptoms, somatization disorders, sleep disorders and disorders of social functioning were significantly decreased (p<0.0001). These changes were not observed in the control group.Conclusions:The results showed that life skills training is an effective method in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep and somatic disorders. Also, it would be useful in reducing problems of social dysfunction.
Introduction:Taking the prevalence of the sexual disorders -which in some studies is reported from 18% to 79% - into account and considering the fact that only a small percentage of the sexual patients refer to the physicians in order to treat their sexual problems. With regard to several problems which the veterans encounter in their personal and social lives, it seems that sexual disorders in these patients and their spouses are widespread.Methodology:In this research performed in the descriptive-temporal method, a questionnaire including all types of sexual disorders in men and women was provided and after standardization by 398 veterans and their spouses.Results:The results of this research are reported as follows; the prevalence of decrease the sexual desire in the veterans is 65/1%, the inability in erection 64/4%, difficulty in erection 60%, disorder in the continuation of erection 85/3%, and premature ejaculation 55%. In addition, the spouses of these veterans are encountered problems like the prevalence of the disorders in sexual desire with the rate of 25/4%, aversion of the sexual intercourse 7%, painfulness within sexual intercourse 8/8%, lack of excitement and vagina drought 10/3%, the disorder in orgasm 14/6%, and the inability in enjoying the sexual intercourse 14/3%.Discussion and conclusion:The high level of prevalence of sexual disorders considered in this research clarifies the necessity and importance of the educational, consultation and the treatment programs for these groups and their spouses.
Alcohol is the most prevalent abused drug in the world and brings out a large amount of medical expenses to the society. This paper presents an empirical investigation to devise preventive measures and identify the groups at risk. In this study, a descriptive study was conducted among people who were arrested by the police because of committing illegal actions and were suspected of alcohol usage were referred to the organization of forensic medicine. The studied variables include gender, age, state of affair, marital status, type of crime, the time of drug use, tranquillizer drugs and the times of psychiatrist visit. Out of 305 subjects, 204 (66.9%) cases had a positive respiratory test result and 101 (33.1%) were negative. The results showed that committing crimes due to quarrel and wrangling (34.3%) and being drunk in the public (29.7%) were prevalent among the people who used alcohol. Driving accidents also had 18% prevalence. 32.7% of the people who had a negative respiratory test result had committed crimes because of being drunk and 29.7% of them had quarrel and wrangling. The high rate of alcohol use in people who referred from the disciplinary office to the organization of forensic medicine demonstrated that it was necessary to devise a plan in order to improve a person's awareness of harmful alcohol use and to identify the vulnerable groups in the society.
10.30699/jambs.30.141.319 Background & Objective: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants are utilized for treatment of post stroke depression, reduced quality of life and poor compliance. This study compared the effects of sertraline and nortriptyline on the quality of life and depression in post-stroke patients. Materials & Methods: This randomized double-blind trial was conducted on 56 stroke patients admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Zanjan, Iran, 2016. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups by simple randomization and received sertraline in one group, nortriptyline in the other and nobody received placebo. Patients were screened for depression using BDI (II) questionnaire and those without depression were entered into study. During follow-up, patients completed a quality of life questionnaire named Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Data were analysed using repeated measure and Bonferroni tests in SPSS 22. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The mean age of patients in sertraline and nortriptyline groups were 61.7 and 63.6, respectively (P=0.194). No significant differences were observed for sex, marital status and education between two groups. The mean score of total quality of life and its dimensions decreased significantly during 6 months for both groups (P=0.001). The effect of sertraline in these reductions was not different from nortriptyline (P=0.60). The proportions of moderate or severe depression were 17.9% and 37.0% in sertraline and nortriptyline groups, respectively (P=0.24). Conclusion:Both sertraline and nortriptyline improved all aspects of quality of life and their effect on prevention of depression was similar. Therefore, the administration of sertraline or nortriptyline could be beneficial in post-stroke patients.
Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient defeciencies in the world. Iron plays an important role in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to identify the association of iron deficiency with IQ level of students. Methods: In this case control study, 289 randomly selected students aged eight to eleven years old were tested for iron, TIBC, Hb, and RBC indices. Iron deficient patients were referred to a psychologist to determine their IQ level with the Raven test. The IQ level of children with Iron deficiency was compared with a normal student randomly chosen and matched by age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Results: Sixty patients had a Fe/TIBC ratio of less than 15%. The frequency of iron deficiency was 20.7%. There was no significant differences in the frequency of iron deficiency between males and females. A significant difference was not found in the IQ level between cases and controls. Conclusions: The IQ of cases and controls did not differ significantly. It seems that there was still controversies regarding the effects of IQ and iron deficiency.
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