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CMK-3/CNT supercapacitors exhibit sufficiently fast response speed and high areal capacitance for AC line filtering.

Rechargeable electrochemical cells with metallic anodes are of increasing scientific and technological interest. The complex composition, poorly defined morphology, heterogeneous chemistry, and unpredictable mechanics of interphases formed spontaneously on the anodes are often examined but rarely controlled. Here, we couple computational studies with experimental analysis of well-defined LiAl electrodes in realistic electrochemical environments to design anodes and interphases of known composition. We compare phase behavior, Li binding energies, and activation energy barriers for adatom transport and study their effects on the electrochemical reversibility of battery cells. As an illustration of potential practical benefits of our findings, we create cells in which LiAl anodes protected by Langmuir-Blodgett MoS2 interphases are paired with 4.1 mAh cm−2 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes. These studies reveal that small- and larger-format (196 mAh, 294 Wh kg−1, and 513 Wh liter−1) cells based on protected LiAl anodes exhibit high reversibility and support stable Li migration during recharge of the cells.

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Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries are attracting substantial attention because of their high-energy densities and potential applications in portable electronics. However, an intrinsic property of Li−S systems, that is, the solubility of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), hinders the commercialization of Li−S batteries. Herein, a new material, that is, carbon nitride phosphorus (CNP), is designed and synthesized as a superior LiPS adsorbent to overcome the issues of Li−S batteries. Both the experimental results and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that CNP possesses the highest binding energy with LiPS at a P concentration of ∼22% (CNP22). The DFT calculations explain the simultaneous existence of Li−N bonding and P−S coordination in the sulfur cathode when CNP22 interacts with LiPS. By introducing CNP22 into the Li−S systems, a sufficient charging capacity at a low cutoff voltage, that is, 2.45 V, is effectively implemented, to minimize the side reactions, and therefore, to prolong the cycling life of Li−S systems. After 700 cycles, a Li−S cell with CNP22 gives a high discharge capacity of 850 mA h g −1 and a cycling stability with a decay rate of 0.041% cycle −1 . The incorporation of CNP22 can achieve high performance in Li−S batteries without concerns regarding the LiPS shuttling phenomenon.

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Crustacean amphipods are important trophic links between primary producers and higher consumers. although most amphipods occur in or around aquatic environments, the family talitridae is the only family found in terrestrial and semi-terrestrial habitats. the sand-hopper Trinorchestia longiramus is a talitrid species often found in the sandy beaches of South Korea. In this study, we present the first draft genome assembly and annotation of this species. We generated ~380.3 Gb of sequencing data assembled in a 0.89 Gb draft genome. Annotation analysis estimated 26,080 protein-coding genes, with 89.9% genome completeness. Comparison with other amphipods showed that T. longiramus has 327 unique orthologous gene clusters, many of which are expanded gene families responsible for cellular transport of toxic substances, homeostatic processes, and ionic and osmotic stress tolerance. This first talitrid genome will be useful for further understanding the mechanisms of adaptation in terrestrial environments, the effects of heavy metal toxicity, as well as for studies of comparative genomic variation across amphipods. Background & SummaryAmphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans, composed of more than 228 families with over 10,200 species 1 . Most members of Amphipoda are found in aquatic environments, with both freshwater and marine species that occur in diverse habitats 2-6 . However, only a few amphipods in the family Talitridae are found in terrestrial regions close to the water, and others are "semi-terrestrial, " with both littoral and terrestrial representatives 7 .Talitrids are one of the prevailing macrofaunal groups in coastal regions that live along the interface between the water and land. The coastal talitrids, also known as "sand-hoppers, " are considered key species for energy flow to higher trophic levels 8 . They play a crucial role in food web dynamics by feeding on algal-biomass 9 and detritus along sandy beaches. They then become the source of food for many invertebrates, fish, and birds 4,8 . Unfortunately, anthropogenic activity contributes to various types of pollutants in the coastal ecosystem, which impacts the survival of talitrids 10-12 and other macrofauna [13][14][15] . For this reason, many talitrids are used as model organisms for studies of metal toxicity 10-12 . In addition, previous work on talitrids examined levels of genetic variation 16,17 , behavioral adaptations 18 , osmoregulation 19 , and orientation studies 20 . Most of these studies were carried out along the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea regions.Despite such biological and ecological significance, no genome studies have been performed on any talitrid species, and only three genomes have been studied among the entire amphipod order. These included (1) Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Family: Eulimnogammaridae) 21 , a freshwater amphipod from Baikal Lake; (2) Hyalella azteca (Family: Hyalellidae) 22 , another freshwater amphipod that lives by burrowing in the sediments; and (3) Parhyale hawaiensis (Family: Hyalidae) 23 . Tr...