MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) dysfunction is a hallmark of lung cancer, and results in the dysregulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes during lung cancer progression. Selection of the 5p and 3p arms of miRNA is a mechanism that improves the modulation of miRNA biological functions and complicates the regulatory network in human types of cancer. However, the involvement of arm selection preference of miRNA in lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, changes in miRNA arm selection preference were comprehensively identified in lung cancer and corresponding adjacent normal tissues by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas. Arm selection was revealed to be consistent in the majority of miRNAs in lung cancer. Only a few miRNAs had significantly altered arm selection preference in lung cancer. Among these, the biological functions of the individual arms of miR-324 were investigated further. The data revealed that miR-324-5p and −3p were significantly overexpressed in lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miR-324-5p significantly promoted cell proliferation and invasion in lung cancer cells, while miR-324-3p overexpression significantly increased cell proliferation but did not alter the invasion of lung cancer cells. In conclusion, the arm selection preference of miRNA may be an additional mechanism through which biological functions are modulated. The results of the present study provide a novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of lung cancer and may direct research into future therapies.
Primary pulmonary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is very rare. It represents less than 1% of all NHL, and 0.5–1% of all primary pulmonary malignancies. Almost all cases of primary pulmonary NHL originate from B‐cell lineage. We present a case of a 53‐year‐old man with primary extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of the bronchus and lung, presented progressive dyspnea caused by right lower lung consolidation, and pleural effusion. Initial chest computed tomography suggested advanced lung cancer. Bronchofiberscopy showed a polypoid tumor on which a biopsy was performed. Histologically, the diffusely infiltrative atypical cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3, CD56, granzyme B, and negative for cytokeratin, CD20 immunostains, suggesting NK/T cell lineages. In situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus encoded ribonucleic acid (EBER) was positive. Herein, we discuss the clinicopathological features of this case and review the literature on primary extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of the lung. Compared with other patients, who died after the first cycle of chemotherapy and/or within three months, our patient had longer survival under aggressive chemotherapy and auto‐peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare and chronic fibrosing interstitial lung disease. However, the clinical features and outcomes of IPF in Taiwan have not been well studied. In addition, the survival difference between patients with IPF alone and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) remains controversial. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IPF between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. IPF was defined according to the 2011 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guideline. The clinical features, comorbidities, and outcomes of CPFE group and IPF-alone group were compared. The extents of emphysema and fibrosis were evaluated. Results: In total, 114 patients with IPF were enrolled, and 86.8% of them were men with a mean age of 77.8 years. The median survival was 3.33 years in all patients with IPF. Moreover, 30 patients (26.3%) met the CPFE criteria. The CPFE group had a higher percentage of smokers (90% vs 50%, p < 0.001), higher forced vital capacity (82% vs 59%, p < 0.001), and lower fibrosis scores (8.5 ± 2.9 vs 10 ± 3.2, p = 0.022) than did the IPF-alone group. The baseline room air saturation and percentage of pulmonary hypertension were similar between the two groups. The survival time was not significantly different between the CPFE and IPF-alone groups (median survival, 3.58 vs 2.39 years, p = 0.163). In the multivariate analysis, higher fibrosis score, room air saturation < 90%, and lung cancer were significant factors associated with mortality. Conclusion: Our study showed that emphysema had no significant effect on the survival of patients with IPF. The outcome of IPF was mainly determined by the baseline disease severity and other comorbidities.
Expressions of bcl-2 and p53 using immunohistochemical staining are not independent prognostic predictors in patients undergoing surgery for NSCLC.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a compensatory response to many chronic anemic disorders. Intrathoracic EMH, usually presenting as paravertebral masses over the posterior mediastinum, is a rare entity and is usually asymptomatic. Hemothorax is a rare but possibly fatal complication. Local radiation for intrathoracic EMH is considered effective in preventing its recurrence. Here we describe a patient who had had α-thalassemia for many years and developed a spontaneous left-sided hemothorax from EMH. A chest film and a chest computed tomography (CT) scan had showed multiple paravertebral masses over the lower thoracic spine with left-sided pleural effusion. A pathological diagnosis of EMH was made by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The patient had not received preventive local chest radiation. Ten years later, he suffered from a life-threatening hemothorax complicated by acute respiratory failure without traumatic history. A CT scan showed posterior mediastinal masses over the lower thoracic spine with right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy was performed to remove the blood clot in the pleural space for successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. This is the first case of intrathoracic EMH to have recurrent hemothorax associated with acute respiratory failure.
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