[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to measure the muscle activities of the trunk muscles and upper limb muscles during maximum isometric contraction when temporomandibular joint alignment was achieved with a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance in order provide basic data on the effects of mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance on the entire body. [Subjects] The present study was conducted with healthy Korean adults in their 20s (males=10, females=10). [Methods] An 8 channel surface electromyography system was used to measure the muscle activities of the upper limb muscles and neck muscles of the subjects during maximum isometric contraction with and without use of a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance. [Results] The maximum isometric contractions of the trunk and upper limb muscles when mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance were used were compared with those when no mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance was used. The results showed that the sternocleidomastoid muscle, cervical and lumbar erector spinae, upper trapezius, biceps, triceps, rectus abdominis and internal oblique and external oblique muscles all showed significant increases in maximum isometric contractions with a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance. [Conclusion] The use of a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance is considered to be a method for normal adults to improve the stability of the entire body with the improvement of the stability of the TMJ. The proximal improvement in stability improves of the proximal thereby improving not only muscle strength with increased muscle activation but also stability during exercises.

Abstract. [Purpose] This study examined the muscle activation when subjects gripped a handle with a circumference equal to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of their hand length to determine the size that can be gripped most stably relative to the hand length. [Subjects and Methods] The muscle activation of 34 subjects was measured using electromyography. To make a cylinder proportionate to the hand length, multiple pencils were combined and the circumference was measured with a tape measure. The cylinders were made with circumferences of 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the hand length.[Results] The largest muscle activation was observed at handle circumferences of 50% and 75% of the hand length in the wrist extensor bundle and at 75% of the hand length in the flexor digitorum superficialis.[Conclusion] Therefore, circumferences of the middle range of hand length seems to be most appropriate for hammer handles and handles with high resistance which require large strength at industrial sites.

Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between hand power and muscle activation during power grip and pinch grip.[Subjects] Fifty healthy adults were randomly arranged into two groups.[Methods] Hand power was measured using a hand dynamometer and pinch grip was measured with a pinch gauge. Muscle activation was measured using electromyography.[Results] The results were as follows: the power grip group and pinch grip group showed a significant difference in hand strength, but there was no significant difference in muscle activation. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the power grip showed greater hand strength than the pinch grip. However, no significant difference was found between the activation of the forearm and hand muscles. In other words, increased strength did not necessarily mean increased muscle activation. Therefore, the pinch grip is a more effective method of exercise.

| Abstract |1 )PURPOSE: Low-intensity exercise with restriction of blood flow has been proposed as an alternative exercise to secure the disadvantage of a high-intensity resistance exercise. However, studies of how affects the muscle using functional exercise are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate knee extensor muscle strength during stair exercise of functional exercise with leg blood flow restriction.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the impacts of stroke patients' general and disease-related properties on depression and family support. Methods: Subjects consisted of 79 persons who were diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction and met the criteria for selection. The Korean version of Beck depression inventory (BDI) and a revision of the family support developed by Cobb were used. Frequency analysis of the subjects' general and medical history properties was conducted, and one way ANOVA was utilized to evaluate the degree of depression and family support with respect to the properties. Pearson's correlation coefficient was conducted to investigate the degree of depression and family support. Results: Participants showed no significant difference in depression based on the subjects' general and disease-related properties (p> 0.05), although there were significant differences in family support based on marital status, hobbies and the medical expenses payers (p< 0.05). The correlation between family support and depression was r= -0.491 (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Through the results of this study, it was found that general and disease-related properties would not have any impact on depression while they would affect family support. Keywords