Studies on women entrepreneurship have witnessed a rapid growth over the past 30 years. Women's entrepreneurship is a district that needs specific research attention within the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic, as many are affected financially and emotionally. Many are reported seeking help and switching businesses literally to overcome the challenges. Women in small medium enterprises (SME) are still struggling to make ends meet even though numerous numbers of support are given by the government. By statistics, women are also keen to remain with entrepreneurship in informal sectors. Historically, women in general received perception of gender bias, being critically suppressed, and remained the symbol of subordinates. Thus, this conceptual paper intends to investigate and determine the issues and challenges among women entrepreneurs in the small medium enterprises (SME) and from the informal sectors of the economy in the midst of pandemic Covid-19. This paper employs doctrinal study by collecting primary and secondary data from books, journals, legislations, and manuscripts. Data collection were analyzed by using content analysis techniques with the aim to analyze the impact of the pandemic on women entrepreneurs holistically.
Everyone should know the law. Irrespective of your background, the law presumes that you should know the law. This is incompatible with the maxim "Ignorance of Law is No Defence". Despite this maxim, there seems to be a significant number of individuals who appear to be in the dark with some basic laws in this country. This writing discovers whether teachers in public schools in Melaka know of one basic law namely the rules of natural justice (RNJ) before any action is taken against them because of disciplinary issues, misconduct or breach of rules and others. This doctrinal writing is delivered based on library research collecting secondary data from academic text books, online journals and reported cases. Topping that up were the surveys collected online amongst 126 teachers from three districts in Melaka making this study also empirical in nature. The finding of this study was also gathered from cases brought to courts in relation to teachers and it indicates that there is still room for improvement for managing the RNJ application in decision making in schools. The outcome of this study provides guidelines for the State Education Department to strategize a mechanism to convey the rules to teachers in Melaka so that they will be aware of their rights and responsibilities. It also serves as a path for researchers to further discover the status for teachers in other states as well as identifying other aspects relating to this law.
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