The problem of optimal placement and sizing (OPS) of renewable distributed generation (RDG) is followed by numerous technical, economical, geographical, and ecological constraints. In this paper, it is investigated from two viewpoints, namely the simultaneous minimization of total energy loss of a distribution network and the maximization of profit for RDG owner. The stochastic nature of RDG such as the wind turbine and photovoltaic generation is accounted using suitable probabilistic models. To solve this problem, a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm is proposed, which is a combination of the phasor particle swarm optimization and the gravitational search algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested on an IEEE 69-bus system for several cases in two scenarios. The results obtained by the hybrid algorithm shows that it provides high-quality solution for all cases considered and has better performances for solving the OPS problem compared to other metaheuristic population-based techniques.
Summary
This paper presents a Backward/Forward Sweep (BFS) power flow method in the frequency domain for the analysis of the harmonic distortion in radial distribution systems with distributed generation (DG) units. A detailed procedure for solving the power flow problem at fundamental and harmonic frequencies and the models of distribution system elements in harmonic analysis are presented. In addition, the effects of converter‐based and nonconverter‐based DG units on voltage profile, power losses, and power quality are carried out. Performance of the proposed method is tested and evaluated on the standard IEEE distribution systems. Simulation results, obtained using the proposed BFS method, are compared with those obtained using the Decoupled Harmonic Power Flow (DHPF) method, Harmonic Analysis module of the ETAP program, and Full Harmonic Solution module of the PCFLO program. It is shown that the BFS method provides effective, robust, and high‐quality solutions. Besides that, the proposed method has better computational performance than the commonly used DHPF method, since the bus admittance matrix inverse employed by the DHPF method is not necessary in the solution procedure.
This paper presents the results of power flow calculations in the presence of harmonics in radial distribution systemsobtained using the decoupled harmonic power flow (DHPF) algorithm. In this algorithm, the interaction among the harmonicfrequencies is assumed to be negligible and hence the calculations are separately performed for every harmonic order of interest. Adetailed methodology for calculating current and voltage high order harmonics, harmonic losses and total harmonic distortion ofvoltage of the electrical distribution networks in the frequency domain is presented. The standard backward/forward sweep method isused for solving the power flow problem at the fundamental frequency. Furthermore, some practical and approximated models ofnetwork components in harmonic analysis are given. The performance of the DHPF approach is studied and evaluated on two standardtest systems with nonlinear loads, the distorted IEEE 18-bus and IEEE 33-bus. Nonlinear loads are treated as harmonic current sourcesthat inject harmonic currents into the system. The DHPF algorithm is verified by comparing its results with those generated bysoftware tools for the analysis of transmission, distribution and industrial power systems (i.g. ETAP and PCFLO). Simulation resultsshow the accuracy and efficiency of the applied procedure for solving the harmonic power flow problem.
In the paper, the authors elaborate some recently published research concerning the originality of artworks in terms of self-organization in the complex systems physics. It has been demonstrated that the originality issue such conceived leads to the criterion of a substantial aesthetics whose applicability is not restricted to the fine arts domain only covering also physics, biology, cosmology and other fields construed in the complex systems terms. Moreover, it is about a truth criterion related to the traditional personality conception revealing the ontological context transcendent to the gnoseological dualism of subjective and objective reality that is characteristic of modern science and humanities. Thus, it is considered to be an aesthetical criterion substantiating art and science as well as the other developments of the postmodern era. Its impact to psychology, education, ecology, culture and other humanities is briefly indicated.
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