Tinnitus and hearing loss, both reversible and irreversible, are associated both with acute intoxication and long term administration of a large range of drugs. The mechanism causing drug-induced ototoxicity is unclear, but may involve biochemical and consequent electrophysiological changes in the inner ear and eighth cranial nerve impulse transmission. Over 130 drugs and chemicals have been reported to be potentially ototoxic. The major classes are the aminoglycosides and other antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory agents, diuretics, antimalarial drugs, antineoplastic agents and some topically administered agents. Prevention of drug-induced ototoxicity is generally based upon consideration and avoidance of appropriate risk factors, as well as on monitoring of renal function, serum drug concentrations, and cochlear and auditory functions before and during drug therapy. Ototoxicity, although not life-threatening, may cause considerable discomfort to patients taking ototoxic drugs, and in some cases drug discontinuation may be necessary to prevent permanent damage. Much research has been performed to investigate the causes and mechanisms of ototoxicity, to try to prevent this complication. Despite these efforts, ototoxicity still occurs, and there is much work to be done in order to understand the mechanism of ototoxicity of different drugs and to prevent hearing loss and tinnitus in the future.
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to compare and evaluate the results of Bilateral Inferior Turbinectomy (BIT) and Submucosal Diathermy (SMD) in case of bilateral hypertrophied inferior turbinates with nasal obstruction.
Isolat ed F ac tures of tile nasal pyramid are am ong tile 1II0St common facia l inju ries. Nevertheless, studies of therapeutic result s fo lio I ving closed reducti on of nasal Factures are rare. \Ve conducted a retrospective clinical relliew of 187 patients who were evaluated for nasal tra uma (including nond islocated [ ractures, dislocated fractures, and contusio ns) at our oto laryngo logy departtneut dur ing 1997 a1/l11998. Ofthis gro up, 96 fract ures lI'ere treated with closed reduction-either under local anesth esia (n = 68), under gen era l anesthesia (n = 21), or with concomitant sep top lasty under genera l an esth esia (u = 7). At fo llow-up, which ranged fro m I to 2 years, 91 of the 96 patients (94.8%) expressed satisfaction with their res ults. Pri or to decidin g 0 1/ a co urse of acti on, the surgeo n mu st conduct a caref ul ph ysical examination becau se the decision as to whether treatm ent is required, wliicli technique to use (op en vs closed redu ction), and which typ e ofanes thes ia is app ropriate (local vs ge ne ral) all depend on the clinical fi nding s, such as the degree of de viati on and airflow obstruction. We also suggest that all patient s receive both a \Vate rs ' lIiew and a lateral view x-ray. In our opinion, closed red uction is a safe p rocedure for isolated nasal fra ctures and can be perfo rmed with local anesthes ia in most ad ult patie nts. Morb idity is mi nimal in the hands of{Ill experienced ENT surgeon. f rom the Departm ent o f Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec k Surge ry, Uni versity of'Fre iburg. Germany
A very rare case of otogenic pneumocephalus in a healthy 24-year-old man with a widely pneumatized right mastoid, precipitated by forceful Valsalva's maneuver, is reported. When a pneumocephalus is suspected, computed tomography scans are mandatory. The pertinent literature is discussed and the potential mechanisms causing spontaneous pneumocephalus are described. To the best of our knowledge, only two other similar cases have been reported up to now.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.