ResumoO comportamento espacial e temporal do saldo de radiação (Rn) à superfície terrestre tem sido tema de estudos sobre os ecossistemas de regiões semiáridas do globo e poucos estudos têm sido destinados à região semiárida do Brasil, especificamente no ecossistema de Caatinga. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar uma metodologia que não necessite diretamente de dados de superfície para estimar o Rn na região semiárida da Paraíba, a partir de dados orbitais do sensor MODIS, e validar com dados medidos em áreas experimentais de Caatinga em recuperação e degradada. Diante dos resultados encontrados, pode-se constatar a eficácia da metodologia proposta, sendo a mesma mais precisa em áreas com o solo mais descoberto. De acordo com a análise estatística, a metodologia apresentou uma melhor qualidade do ajuste para a área em recuperação, com a variação explicada de 78% e para a área degradada de 61%. Palavras-chave: saldo de radiação, albedo, imagens MODIS, semiárido, caatinga. Obtaining of Environmental Parameters in the Semiarid Region of Paraíba by MODIS Data AbstractThe spatial and temporal behavior of the surface net radiation (Rn) has been studied on ecosystems of semi-arid regions of the world and few studies have been intended for semi-arid region of Brazil, specifically in the Caatinga ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a methodology that does not require surface data to estimate the Rn in the semiarid region of Paraíba, from orbital MODIS data, and validate with data measured in experimental areas of Caatinga in recovery and degraded. Considering the results, it can be seen the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, and the same more precise in areas with the barest ground. According to the statistical analysis methodology showed a better quality of fit for the recovery area, with explained variance of 78% and a degraded area of 61%.
O estado da Paraíba apresenta cerca de 76% do seu território abrangido pela região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro, incluindo 170 dos 223 municípios, dentre estes, estão os municípios de Antenor Navarro atual São João do Rio do Peixe, Princesa Isabel, Catolé do Rocha e Soledade que se sobressaem como importantes polos agrícolas e econômicos do estado, e que frequentemente são afetados pela alta variabilidade climática. Neste trabalho, foi analisado para estes 4 municípios a distribuição pluviométrica num período de cem anos (de 1911 até o ano de 2010) verificando as variações e/ou tendências nas suas séries temporais e investigando se existe uma relação entre a Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) com a pluviometria anual das 4 localidades. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que São João do Rio do Peixe tem a maior média pluviométrica, porém a tendência de sua série temporal apresentando-se negativa, em contraposto aos outros municípios que apresentaram médias pluviométricas menores, porém com tendências positivas. A investigação da influência da ODP na precipitação anual normalizada das séries analisadas mostrou que uma parcela da ODP influência na variabilidade pluviométrica, porém depende da sua intensidade e de outros fatores tais como o dipolo do Atlântico Tropical e eventos de El Niño/La Niña, indicando que maiores investigações devem ser feitas.Palavras-chave: Pluviometria, Tendências, ODP Analysis Of The Time Series Of Precipitation Of The Paraiba Semi Arid In A Period Of 100 Years -1911 To 2010 A B S T R A C TThe state of Paraíba has about 76% of its territory covered by the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, including 170 of the 223 municipalities, among these are the municipalities of Antenor Navarro current São João do Rio do Peixe, Princesa Isabel, Soledade and Catolé that stand out as important agricultural and economic centers of the state, which are often affected by high climatic variability. This work was analyzed for these four counties rainfall distribution over one hundred years (1911 until 2010) verifying the changes and / or trends in their series and investigating whether there is a relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( ODP) with annual rainfall of 4 locations. From the results obtained, it was found that St. John's River Fish has the highest average rainfall, but the tendency of his series showed up negative in opposed to other municipalities that had lower average rainfall, but with positive trends. The investigation of the influence of PDO on normalized annual rainfall series analyzed, showed that a portion of the ODP influence on rainfall variability, but depends on their strength and other factors such as the Tropical Atlantic dipole and El Niño / La Niña, indicating that further investigations should be made.*
O estado da Paraíba, posicionado entre as latitudes de 6S e 8S e 35W a 39W de longitude é diretamente influenciado por sistemas meteorológicos de meso e grande escala que definem a sua situação climática. A distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica sobre o Estado é caracterizada pela alta variabilidade espacial e temporal e constitui um dos elementos climáticos de maior importância para o condicionamento social e econômico em todos os estágios de desenvolvimento. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou fazer uma descrição do comportamento temporal da pluviometria nas regiões pluviometricamente homogêneas determinadas por métodos objetivos de regionalização até então não desenvolvida. Foram considerados dados normais climatológicos e uma série de quinze anos, entre 1996 e 2010, no intuito de se identificar a representatividade dos dados não climatológicos. Como resultado obteve-se que, em termos de totais anuais, a série de 1996 a 2010 apresentou desvios inferiores a 3.1% relativamente à normal, podendo vir a representá-la satisfatoriamente sem o incremento de maiores erros. Também o acréscimo de novos postos de observação pouco interfere no resultado médio de cada região. Palavras-Chave: Variabilidade, Precipitação, Desvios Climatic Characterization Rainfall Homogeneous Regions of the State of Paraiba ABSTRACT The state of Paraiba, located between latitudes 6S and 8S e 35W to 39W latitude is directly influenced by mesoscale weather systems and large scale that define to their climate situation. The distribution of rainfall over the state is characterized by high spatial and temporal variability and the climate is one of the most important elements for economic and social conditioning in all stages of development. In this context, this study aimed to describing the temporal behavior of the rainfall homogeneous and rainfall regions determined by methods of regionalization so far not developed. Were considered normal climatological data and a series of fifteen years, between 1996 and 2010, in order to identify the representative of data not climatological. As a result it was found that, in terms of annual totals, the number of fifteen showed detours less than 3.1% compared to normal and could represent it satisfactorily without the increment of the biggest mistakes. Also adding new observation posts had little interference in the average result of each region. Keywords: variability, rainfall, Detours
The goal of this study was to analyze the timeline distribution of a time series and the trend of rainfall to 25 counties and 24 farms that make up the catchment area of the river Uruçuí Preto- Piauí (BHRUP), which is an important center for agriculture and water resources sectors. They were performed in this study linear regression and measures of central tendency and dispersion of the monthly and annual rainfall. Based on the results it was found that the median was the measure of central tendency with the largest representation. The rainy season was marked during the months from October to April with an average value of 936.8 mm in the period, corresponding to 96% of annual precipitation. The months with the lowest rainfall ranged from May to September, corresponding to 4% of the annual total, showing up over time one characteristic timeline variability of the cerrado region and cerradão. The possibility in the future of extreme events occur with heavy rainfall in short periods of time is expected for this area, and with the knowledge of climate trends they can plan the most out of handling the water resources.
In March 2013, the Nemo Phase-2 tower has been successfully installed at 100 km off-shore Capo Passero (Italy) and 3500 m depth. This 8-floor tower hosts 32 10-inch PMT's. Results from optical background measurements are presented. In particular, the analyzed rates show stable and low baseline values, compatible with the contribution of 40K light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. All these features are a confirmation of the stability and good optical nature of the site
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