The Influence of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena on the climatic dynamics of the Amazon region ABSTRACT The influence of the natural climatic episodes denominated like "El Niño" and "La Niña", causes changes in the atmospheric circulation in diverse parts of the world. The objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative research on the influence of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena on the climatic dynamics of the Amazon region so that the damages caused by these meteorological events are divulged and prevented. The data obtained and analyzed indicated that the climatic phenomena denominated El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation-ENOS affect the climatic dynamics, which causes significant changes in the regime of the maximum daily rains, provoking tendencies of elevation or decrease in the precipitation rate in periods of El Niño and La Niña, respectively. As for the occurrence of such phenomena in the Amazon region, it was inferred that the episodes of drought provoked by the El Niño, manifest themselves with more intensity, compared to the La Niña event. Such phenomena can have socio-environmental consequences such as severe droughts, reduction of water reserves, forest fires, floods; and economic, the increase of the electricity tariff, due to the low levels of operation of hydroelectric plants in periods of drought. Therefore, it is necessary to establish preventive strategies to mitigate the effects generated by such events, with applicability for purposes of climate monitoring.
Com o crescimento populacional, ocorreu o aumento da degradação dos recursos naturais, na qual foi necessário a criação de novas tecnologias e leis, para tentar amenizar os impactos ambientais negativos causados pelas ações do homem. O objetivo da pesquisa foi correlacionar os Estudos Prévios da Avalição de Impactos Ambientais-EPIA com a gestão ambiental na mitigação dos impactos causados por ações antrópicas. Quanto ao método de pesquisa, possui um caráter dedutivo, com procedimento exploratório e abordagem qualitativa. A avaliação de impactos ambientais e a gestão ambiental é um processo contínuo. Diante disto, que o desenvolvimento da sociedade de forma descontrolada, gera grandes impactos ambientais e, para mitiga-los, o poder público, a Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais-AIA, e EPIA são utilizadas em conjunto para amenizar e/ou prevenir os danos ambientais.
Renewable energy: photovoltaic solar and wind energyABSTRACT Energy production is directly related to the issues of humanity's economic development, arising from the industrial revolution through the application of steam engines in the production system. In this context, the need arises for the improvement and expansion of the means of production by renewable matrices, that is, the generation of energy through sunlight and winds. To support this growth, studies are needed at the national level to produce and provide reliable information on possible locations for the deployment of wind resources throughout the national territory. The in-depth discussion of the socioeconomic impacts of these technologies has gained ground and becomes even more intense and important in periods of low economic growth. Although wind energy is associated with significant environmental benefits such as mitigating the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, there are other aspects related to environmental preservation that cannot be overlooked. The environmental impacts generated by solar photovoltaic projects are closely related to their location, the physical and climatic characteristics of the site and the characteristics of local ecosystems. From the socio-economic point of view, income and employment generation grow in places of poor development, as it is further removed from the large urban centers. Therefore, the deployment of energy from the sun and wind is indispensable, not only because it reduces impacts on the environment, but also because it is a source of clean energy generation, as well as contributing to sustainable development.
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