Students are particularly vulnerable from the mental health aspect, which was especially recognized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health among dental students. The study was conducted on a sample of 797 students (207 male and 592 female) with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.4, from the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. The measurements used in the study were the Demographic and Academic Questionnaire, Questionnaire about exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19-Impact on QoL Questionnaire (COV19-QoL), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The mean total score for COV19-QoL was 2.9 ± 0.9, while the diagnostic criteria of GAD-7 and depression met 19.9% and 31.4% of students, respectively. There was a positive and strong correlation between QoL, anxiety, and depression. During COVID-19, predictors for lower perceptions of QoL were female gender and death of close relatives (p = 0.049, p = 0.005, respectively). At the same time, predictors for GAD were female gender, living in dormitories, and death of close relatives (p = 0.019, p = 0.011, p = 0.028, respectively), while for depression they were year of study, living with parents, and death of close relatives due to COVID-19 (p = 0.012, p = 0.008, p = 0.029, respectively). The study showed that students’ QoL and mental health during the pandemic were at high risk.
Cu-Al-Nishape memory alloys (SMAs) are widely known for their better properties in comparison to other SMAs (lower production costs, increased ductility, enhanced machinability, reduced liquidus temperature, and decreased hysteresis), but there is still controversy in terms of the biological properties of these materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofunctional performances of Cu-Al-Ni alloy produced by continuous casting. The micro-chemical analysis was investigated by SEM/EDX. Immersion tests performed for seven days were used to estimate the quantity of Cu, Al, and Ni ions released in neutral pH and slightly acidic artificial saliva. To assess the biocompatibility of the Cu-Al-Ni alloy samples, MTT assay on fibroblasts and dental pulp cells was performed in indirect and direct contact with samples after 1,3, and 7 days.The study revealed that continuous casting enables the primary fabrication of Cu-Al-Ni rods with a shape memory effect. Samples immersed in artificial saliva with 6.5 pH value showed no significant amounts of released ions, despite the high concentration of copper in the alloy. However, in the acidic environment, the suppression of Cu was 0.14 µg/cm2, Al 1.9 µg/cm2, and Ni 0.73 µg/cm2, and as expected, it was confirmed that Cu-Al-Ni alloy is not corrosion resistant in an acidic environment. In conclusion, this study showed that biocompatibility concerns are related only to materials with a high Cu content in acidic environments. Oppositely, small doses of Cu ions promote cell proliferation, which might be useful in further attempts to enrich different biomedical materials with copper.
(1) Treatment failure of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is generally due to the development of therapeutic resistance caused by the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell subpopulation with marked self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Micro RNAs, notably miRNA-21, appear to play an important role in OSCC carcinogenesis. Our objectives were to explore the multipotency of oral CSCs by estimating their differentiation capacity and assessing the effects of differentiation on stemness, apoptosis, and several miRNAs’ expression. (2) A commercially available OSCC cell line (SCC25) and five primary OSCC cultures generated from tumor tissues obtained from five OSCC patients were used in the experiments. Cells harboring CD44, a CSC marker, were magnetically separated from the heterogeneous tumor cell populations. The CD44+ cells were then subjected to osteogenic and adipogenic induction, and the specific staining was used for differentiation confirmation. The kinetics of the differentiation process was evaluated by qPCR analysis of osteogenic (Bone Morphogenetic Protein—BMP4, Runt-related Transcription Factor 2—RUNX2, Alkaline Phosphatase—ALP) and adipogenic (Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha—FAP, LIPIN, Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma—PPARG) markers on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Embryonic markers (Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4—OCT4, Sex Determining Region Y Box 2—SOX2, and NANOG) and micro RNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-133, and miRNA-491) were also correspondingly evaluated by qPCR. An Annexin V assay was used to assess the potential cytotoxic effects of the differentiation process. (3) Following differentiation, the levels of markers for the osteo/adipo lineages showed a gradual increase from day 0 to day 21 in the CD44+ cultures, while stemness markers and cell viability decreased. The oncogenic miRNA-21 also followed the same pattern of gradual decrease along the differentiation process, while tumor suppressor miRNA-133 and miRNA-491 levels increased. (4) Following induction, the CSCs acquired the characteristics of the differentiated cells. This was accompanied by loss of stemness properties, a decrease of the oncogenic and concomitant, and an increase of tumor suppressor micro RNAs.
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