The goal of our work was to evaluate physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the relationship between these traits in coffee cultivars coming from a germplasm supposedly resistant to leaf rust, and their response to framework pruning. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Lavras in randomized blocks with three replicates, with spacing of 3.5 x 0.7 m and plots of 12 plants. An amount of 25 coffee cultivars was evaluated, from which 23 were considered resistant and two susceptible to leaf rust. Traits analyzed were the plagiotropic branch length and number of nodes, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, fluorescence and chlorophyll index, leaf area index, leaf rust incidence and yield. Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479, Araponga MG1 and Tupi IAC 1669-33 cultivars show highly responsive to framework pruning. These cultivars have high yield associated to high net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and low transpiration rate. Moreover, the last two cultivars show a low incidence of leaf rust. The Acauã cultivar has a good response to framework pruning, showing high yield associated to lower incidence of leaf rust. Catucaí Vermelho 785/15 cultivar is not responsive to framework pruning because show lower yield, high incidence of leaf rust, low vegetative growth and low water use efficiency.
Germinação in vitro de Passiflora gibertii N. E. Brown com escarificação mecânica e ácido giberélicoIn vitro germination of Passiflora gibertii N. E. Brown with mechanical scarification and gibberellic acid AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the in vitro germination of Passiflora gibertii N. E. Brown seeds, regarding the scarification type, the effect of using GA 3 growth regulator and the use of fresh or dry seeds. Ripe fruit seeds were washed in water and dried for four days (dry seeds). After this period, new seeds were isolated from fruits and washed in water (fresh seeds). Different scarification methods were
A análise de calos que apresentem características embriogênicas é importante para posterior regeneração, in vitro, de espécies com características agronômicas desejáveis, como o maracujazeiro nativo Passiflora gibertii. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar a indução de calos oriundos de explantes foliares de Passiflora gibertiiN. E. Brown, bem como caracterizá-los, morfológica e ultraestruturalmente. Para obtenção de calos, folhas cotiledonares foram inoculadas, em meio de cultura, suplementado com picloram e 2,4-D, combinados com cinetina. Após 30 dias em meio de cultura, no escuro, os calos obtidos foram preparados para a visualização em microscopia eletrônica (transmissão e varredura) e microscopia de luz. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a adição de picloram e cinetina ao meio de cultura promove maior formação de calos em explantes foliares de P. gibertii que 2,4-D e cinetina. O regulador 2,4-D proporciona a obtenção de calos com células de formato isodiamétrico, pequenas e com pequeno espaço intercelular, sistema celular organizado e predominância de mitocôndrias de formato arredondado. Já com a utilização do regulador de crescimento picloram, observa-se a predominância de células grandes e de formato alongado, de espaços intercelulares, de sistema celular desorganizado e de mitocôndrias de formato alongado.
ABSTRACT. The technique of hybridization using plant protoplasts is widely used in plant breeding programs. The purpose of our study is to further characterize the process of protoplast isolation from the ornamental species Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith. Protoplasts were isolated from different tissues: in vitro leaves, in vitro pseudostem, and leaves from plants cultivated hydroponically. We tested six enzymatic combinations, four incubation time periods, the rotary system (40 rpm) or steady in the dark, and three concentrations of mannitol (0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 M). The diameter and viability of obtained protoplasts were evaluated. The best source of explants used for protoplast isolation was the in vitro leaves, which yielded 22x10 5 protoplasts g -1 of fresh matter. The optimal incubation period was 15 hours. The in vitro leaves presented a greater viability (96%) and larger protoplasts (36.7 μm diameter). Greater yields were obtained using a rotatory system with protoplasts incubated in the dark. The best enzymatic combination was 3% Cellulase "Onozuca" R-10 + 2% Meicelase + 1% Driselase + 1% Dextran + 5 mM MES, followed by the addition of 0.6 M mannitol. MF. O melhor tempo de incubação foi 15 horas, pois períodos superiores a este causavam diminuição no rendimento e viabilidade dos protoplastos. Protoplastos de folhas in vitro apresentaram viabilidade de 96% e diâmetro de 36,7 μm. Maiores rendimentos foram alcançados em sistema rotatório e no escuro. A melhor combinação enzimática utilizada no atual trabalho foi a 3% Cellulase "Onozuka" R-10 + 2% Meicelase + 1% Driselase + 1% Dextran + 5 mM MES. A melhor concentração de manitol foi de 0,6 M.Palavras-chave: FDA, planta ornamental, combinações enzimáticas, período de incubação.
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