In order to assess the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 .9%), and B/F viral recombinant forms (3.3%). The subtype C was identified in two patients (0.4%) and the recombinant CRF_02/AG virus was found infecting one patient (0.2%). The HIV-1 genotyping profile associated to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors has shown a high frequency of the M184V mutation followed by the timidine-associated mutations. The K103N mutation was the most prevalent to the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor and the resistance associated to protease inhibitor showed the minor mutations L63P, L10F/R, and A71V as the more prevalent.A

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The present study aimed to investigate behavioral changes and neuroinflammatory process following left unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCA O ), a model of cerebral ischemia. Post-ischemic behavioral changes following 15 min UCCA O were recorded 24 hours after reperfusion. The novel object recognition task was used to assess learning and memory. After behavioral test, brains from sham and ischemic mice were removed and processed to evaluate central nervous system pathology by TTC and H&E techniques as well as inflammatory mediators by ELISA. UCCA O promoted long-term memory impairment after reperfusion. Infarct areas were observed in the cerebrum by TTC stain. Moreover, the histopathological analysis revealed cerebral necrotic cavities surrounded by ischemic neurons and hippocampal neurodegeneration. In parallel with memory dysfunction, brain levels of TNF-a, IL-1b and CXCL1 were increased post ischemia compared with sham-operated group. These findings suggest an involvement of central nervous system inflammatory mediators and brain damage in cognitive impairment following unilateral acute ischemia.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS:Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4 th , 7 th , 14 th and 21 th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels.The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS:The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7 th and 14 th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21 st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4 th , 7 th and 14 th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7 th and 14 th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.

Stroke is one of the most frequent causes of death and disability worldwide causing a major clinical and socioeconomic impact. Although the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and reperfusion is complex, the inflammatory process plays an important role in pathogenesis, contributing to the expansion of brain injury. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the leukotrienes and has been implicated and in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and acute ischemic stroke. Zileuton, a selective 5-LOX inhibitor, has antiinflammatory properties and exerts an inhibitory effect on inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blocking 5-LOX activity in a murine model of transient and global brain ischemia. Zileuton improved neurological deficits and significantly decrease volume and density of lesion, compared to vehicle-ischemic animals measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the blockage of 5-LOX reduced infarct area and histopathological changes. Furthermore, by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) increased brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) were detected in the vehicle-ischemic group, whereas in Zileuton-ischemic group presented reduction of these mediators. The concentration of the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased after 5-LOX inhibition. Our results suggest that Zileuton decreases brain damage and reduces inflammatory cytokines expression in the CNS which contributes, at least in part, to improve the neurological outcome of brain ischemia.