The aim of paper was to asses the use of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) for production of two tomato cultivars (Cedrico and Abellus) in polytunnels in Serbia. RDI plants received 60% of the water that was applied to FI plants and significant saving of water for irrigation and increased in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were achieved. Yield data for Cedrico cultivar showed no differences between RDI and FI, while due to the bigger sensitivity to drought, yield of Abellus was reduced under RDI. In general, fruit quality (soluble solids, titrable acidity) was sustained or improved in both cultivars under RDI. Economic analyses showed that due to the current low prices of water and electricity in Serbia, the profit increase of Cedrico, similarly to the previously trialed cultivar Amati, was not high under RDI comparing to FI. Reduction of yield and consequent profit for Abellus, indicated that for future commercial growing of tomato under RDI should be used drought resistant cultivars.Keywords: RDI, tomato, yield, IWUE, profit SAŽETAK Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita mogućnost korišćenje tehnike redukovanog navodnjavanja (RDI) kod dve sorte paradajza (Cedrico and Abellus) gajene u plasteniku. RDI biljke su navodnjavane sa 60% vode koja je primenjena u uslovima punog navodnjavanja (FI), tako da je ostvarena značajna ušteda u količini vode za navodnjavanje i ostvaren porast u efikasnosti usvajanja vode za navodnjavanje (IWUE). Rezultati za sortu Cedrico pokazuju da nije bilo razlike u prinosu između RDI i FI, dok je zbog veće osetljivosti na sušu prinos sorte Abellus bio redukovan. 597Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2011, 12(4), p.597-607 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/12.4.960 Generalno, kvalitet plodova (rastvorljivih suvih materija i količina kiselina) se održao ili čak bio bolji pod dejstvom RDI. Ekonomska analiza je pokazala da zbog, trenutno niskih cena vode i električne energije u Srbiji, profit kod sorte Cedrico i prethodne godine gajene sorte Amati, nije toliko veliki u uslovima RDI u poredjenju sa FI. Redukcija prinosa i profit kod sorte Abellus ukazuju da u budućoj komercijalnoj primeni RDI kod paradajza treba koristiti sorte otporne na sušu.Ključne reči: RDI, paradajz, prinos, IWUE, profit DETALJAN SAŽETAK Tehnika redukovanog navodnjavanja (RDI) se u svetu veoma mnogo primenjuje sa ciljem uštede vode kod različitih poljoprivrednih kultura, dok je za uslove Jugoistočne Evrope relativno nova. Metoda je malo primenjivana i u plasteničkoj proizvodnji. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita efekat primene RDI tehnike na prinos, kvalitet prinosa i efikasnost usvajanja vode za navodnjavanje (IWUE) i ostvareni profit kod dve sorte paradajza (Cedrico i Abellus) gajene u plasteniku. RDI je započeto u fazi prve cvetne grane i trajalo je 4 meseca. Na osnovu sadržaja vode u zemljištu (merenja Delta-T probom), RDI biljke su zalivane sa 60% od norme punog navodnjavanja (FI). Na kraju ogleda izmerena je suva masa nadzemnog dela, broj plodova po biljci, njihov dijametar, sveža i suva masa, o Brix vrednosti (r...

The effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and proteome in the pericarp of cultivar Ailsa Craig were investigated. The PRD treatment was 70% of water applied to fully irrigated (FI) plants. PRD reduced the fruit number and slightly increased the fruit diameter, whereas the total fruit fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant did not change. Although the growth rate was higher in FI than in PRD fruits, the longer period of cell expansion resulted in bigger PRD fruits. Proteins were extracted from pericarp tissue at two fruit growth stages (15 and 30 days post-anthesis [dpa]), and submitted to proteomic analysis including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for identification. Proteins related to carbon and amino acid metabolism indicated that slower metabolic flux in PRD fruits may be the cause of a slower growth rate compared to FI fruits. The increase in expression of the proteins related to cell wall, energy, and stress defense could allow PRD fruits to increase the duration of fruit growth compared to FI fruits. Upregulation of some of the antioxidative enzymes during the cell expansion phase of PRD fruits appears to be related to their role in protecting fruits against the mild stress induced by PRD.

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The effects of drought (partial root-zone drying-PRD and regulated deficit irrigation-RDI) and full irrigation (FI) on the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes (TAO1 and NCED), EIL1 gene and ABA content in the leaves of tomato wild-type (WT) and flacca mutant were investigated. Results confirmed differences in the expression of the investigated genes under the investigated treatments, during treatment duration as well as between investigated WT and flacca plants. The most significant differences between WT and flacca were found under PRD treatment. The similar expression pattern of all genes in the WT plants could indicate synergistic signaling pathways for ABA and ethylene. In flacca, reduced NCED and significant EIL1 expression might reflect the increase in ethylene production, which could influence the ABA signaling and production that occurred under PRD. Drought also induced an increase in ABA content that is most expressed in flacca under RDI

Summary: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly nutritious Andean seed crop which shows great potential to grow under a range of different stress environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drought on water regime and the growth of quinoa variety KVL52 in controlled conditions. The results of the present experiment indicate that the reaction of quinoa plants to drought are based on drought avoidance mechanisms: reduced transpiration and sustained water uptake. Transpiration was reduced due to the decrease of stomatal conductance and leaf area development. These results could be of practical importance for testing the possibility of growing quinoa as a new drought resistant crop in Serbia.

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The reaction of leaf growth to drought stress is controlled by various hormones, among which ABA is one of the most important. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ABA deficiency on tomato leaf response under severe drought stress. Therefore, ABA-mutant (flacca) and wild type (Ailsa Craig) were selected for research and in the stage of second flower truss anthesis plants were exposed to severe water deficit. The effects of severe drought on wild-type leaves and flacca mutant showed that, as a result of reduced ABA concentrations, flacca plants were exposed to a higher degree of stress than wild-type leaves, which had a negative impact on the examined physiological and biochemical parameters. Severe drought caused stomatal closure, decreased water potential, specific leaf area, and chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves in both genotypes, but this was more pronounced in the mutant. Wild-type plants have accumulated more vitamin C and ABA and have a higher total antioxidant capacity in the leaves in dry conditions than flacca mutants, which contribute to their better adaptive response to stress. Based on this, it can be assumed that the ABA mutation has led to a decrease in the capacity for oxidative stress products caused by severe drought stress.

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