Dysmagnesemia is a serious disturbance of microelement homeostasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of serum magnesium concentrations in hospitalized patients according to gender, age, and result of hospitalization. The study was conducted from February 2018 to January 2019 at the Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw. Laboratory test results from 20,438 patients were included in this retrospective analysis. When a lower reference value 0.65 mmol/L was applied, hypermagnesemia occurred in 196 patients (1%), hypomagnesemia in 1505 patients (7%), and normomagnesemia in 18,711 patients (92%). At a lower reference value of 0.75 mmol/L, hypomagnesemia was found in 25% and normomagnesemia in 74% of patients. At a lower reference value of 0.85 mmol/L, hypomagnesemia was found in 60% and normomagnesemia in 39% of patients. Either hypo- or hyper-magnesemia was associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. This risk is the highest in patients with hypermagnesemia (40.1% of deaths), but also increases inversely with magnesium concentration below 0.85 mmol/L. Serum magnesium concentration was not gender-dependent, and there was a slight positive correlation with age (p < 0.0001, r = 0.07). Large fluctuations in serum magnesium level were associated with increased mortality (p = 0.0017). The results indicate that dysmagnesemia is associated with severe diseases and generally severe conditions. To avoid misdiagnosis, an increase of a lower cut-off for serum magnesium concentration to at least 0.75 mmol/L is suggested.

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A complete blood count is a highly automated laboratory test. The use of highly advanced measurement methods increases the accuracy and sensitivity of the determination of individual hematological parameters, especially in the case of white blood cells differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to make comparative analyses, which involve performance of the analyzers used in daily work. The aim of the study was to indicate whether the results obtained using two compared analyzers show significant differences. Materials and methods In this study a comparative analysis of 241 peripheral blood samples from adult patients was performed. The complete blood count results were obtained using two automated hematology analyzers: Sysmex XN-2000 and Horiba Yumizen H2500. The Passing-Bablok regression method and Bland- Altman analysis were also used to evaluate the results received for both analyzers. Results Statistically significant differences were found for four hematological parameters: eosinophil count, immature granulocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet distribution width (PDW). The P value for MCHC was 0.01. Sysmex XN-2000 and Horiba Yumizen H2500 also showed disagreement in plate platelet distribution width (PDW) (P ​= ​0.04). For other parameters both analyzers showed good agreement. Conclusion Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there are significant differences in the measurements of hematological parameters between compared analyzers.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR ) is a complex of symptoms caused by the backflow of gastric contents into the larynx, pharynx, nasopharynx, sinuses and even to the middle ear space.The symptomatology of LPR includes: chronic cough, hoarseness, throat clearing, laryngitis, "globus pharyngeus", swallowing disturbances, postnasal drip, "fetor ex ore". In the article, the authors present two boys with chronic cough, in one of them the asthma was suspected and antiasthmatic treatment was administrated; in our patients according to the 24-hour pharyngeal pH-metry LPR was diagnosed. The aim of this study was to emphasise that pediatricians should be able to recognise symptoms of LPR. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment leads the symptoms to subside.

Refluks krtaniowo-gardłowy (LPR) jest zespołem objawów pojawiających się w następstwie zarzucania treści żołądkowej do krtani, gardła, jamy ustnej, a nawet ucha środkowego i zatok przynosowych. Do typowych objawów refluksu należą: przewlekły kaszel, chrypa, chrząkanie, objawy zapalenia krtani, globus pharyngeus—kula w gardle, dysfagia gardłowo-przełykowa, odkrztuszanie i obfity śluzowy zaciek na tylnej ścianie gardła, fetor ex ore. W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono opisy dwóch przypadków dzieci z przewlekłym kaszlem, u jednego chłopca wysunięto podejrzenie astmy oskrzelowej i stosowano leczenie przeciwastmatyczne bez efektu; u pacjentów na podstawie 24-godzinnej pH-metrii krtaniowo-gardłowej zdiagnozowano refluks krtaniowo-gardłowy. Celem pracy jest podkreślenie wagi prawidłowej identyfikacji objawów LPR przez lekarza pediatrę. Właściwie postawiona diagnoza oraz zastosowanie odpowiedniego leczenia prowadzi do ustąpienia objawów lub znacznego ich zmniejszenia.

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