Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, mostly associated with the use of medical devices in seriously ill or immunocompromised patients. Currently, the characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates from Rio de Janeiro hospitals are unknown. In this study, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) types, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, biofilm formation genes, and multilocus sequence types (MLST) were investigated in 35 MRSE clinical isolates. The collection of isolates was previously well characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into 2 main genotypes (A and B, 22 isolates) and 10 sporadic genotypes (13 isolates). MLST revealed a total of 8 different sequence types (STs), but ST2 and ST23, which were icaAB-positive, represented the majority (71.4%) of MRSE isolates tested. Almost all isolates (91.4%) belonged to clonal complex 2. SCCmec types III and IV were identified among 71.4% of the isolates, while the remaining was nontypeable. The predominant MRSE genotypes were defined as SCCmec type III/ST2 (PFGE type A) and SCCmec type IV/ST23 (PFGE type B) isolates, which were both associated with high antimicrobial resistance and presence of biofilm-related genes.
To characterize 46 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from Brazilian neonates, we investigated their SCCmec type, susceptibility and clonality. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the prevalent species. SCCmec types III or IV were detected in 53.3% S. epidermidis, whereas 63.6% S. haemolyticus were nontypeable. Despite the diversity, specific clones carried specific SCCmec elements, highlighting that effective typing can help in epidemiological analysis.
Estima-se que no Reino Fungi existam seis milhões de espécies distribuídas pelo mundo e, elas variam, desde espécies comestíveis até aquelas que podem afetar os seres humanos de diversas formas, causando doenças, as micoses. O gênero Candida possui uma gama em variedades de espécies de importância clínica e biológica. Diversas são as síndromes clínicas causadas por esse gênero, como a candidíase vulvovaginal, candidíase oral e a candidemia. A importância desses fungos na área biológica motivou esse estudo com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica sobre Candida sp e suas variáveis importantes. As leveduras de Candida sp são comensais ao humano, mas diante de um desequilíbrio da microbiota normal ou uma supressão do sistema imune essas leveduras aumentam em quantidade e podem levar a patologias clínicas, são as principais causadoras de infecções fúngicas, chegando a 90%. A partir do desequilíbrio nos mecanismos de defesa ou por fatores externos ocasionando uma alteração da flora normal, algumas espécies, que são colonizadoras, podem levar à candidíase. Apresenta-se de várias formas, desde formas clínicas localizadas (mucocutânea e cutânea) à infecção disseminada (candidemia). Os antifúngicos usados para o tratamento podem ser fungicidas, causando lise dos microrganismos ou fungistáticos, inibindo o crescimento. É necessário maior conhecimento das espécies de Candida e suas variáveis clínicas.
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