It is known that groundwater is an indispensable element without which we cannot think of life on our planet. It is also known that around 50% of the world’s population uses drinking water sources to meet the existential needs. Increment of population, industrial development and environmental pollution in our globe, directly or indirectly, has not only impacted groundwater pollution, but has also contributed in reducing the amount of water needed to meet elementary needs of man and other living beings. Therefore, for humanity, proper monitoring of groundwater became a priority in order to identify pollution levels and prevention of potable water sources from eventual contamination. Although Kosovo has sufficient water reserves, in most villages in the absence of infrastructure, the rural population in most cases for the purpose of providing drinking water uses water wells and springs. For this very reason, we have assessed the quality of the water wells located in the central part of Kosovo, in the village Kopiliq of Skenderaj. To assess the water quality of these wells, we have set the monitoring network, based on five monitoring points (wells), determining the organoleptic, physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological characteristics. Obtained sample results were compared with the reference values of Directive 98/83/EC – for drinking water quality and some wells resulted in exceeding the reference values for nitrite, chloride and total dissolved solids (TDS) whereas all wells were highly contaminated with bacteria.
Purpose. This paper aims to reflect the extent of the impact of the Artana mine on heavy metal pollution of the waters of the Marec river. Mineralogical pollution of this river resulted in almost total degradation of biota. Methods. To be as realistic as possible in assessing the water quality of the Marec river and of a single spring located in the research area and used for drinking, we have applied the standard methods ISO 5667-6 for surface water and ISO 5667-11 for groundwater. The sampling and the quantity of the samples, as well as their transportation, was done in full compliance with the ISO 5667-1.3 method. Whereas, the conservation of samples taken for the determination of heavy metals is done according to the APHA conservation procedure. For the extraction (mineralization) of heavy metals in the samples taken, the EPA-3015A method was applied, while for the determination of the concentration of heavy metals the SAA (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was applied. Findings. As a result of the industrial activity of the Artana mine, it has been ascertained that the main causes of the pollution of the Marec river waters and the habitat around it is the mineral exploitation activity in this industrial complex. Analysis of water samples discharged from the mine, flotation and drainage of landfills reflect the real state of heavy metals concentration in the Marec river. Originality. In order for the results to realistically reflect the degree of heavy metals concentration in the waters of this river, we have implemented existing and advanced analytical techniques. Practical implications. The water samples from the Marec river were taken and analyzed in January and July 2020. The analysis performed showed significant exceedance of heavy metals concentration in all sampling sites located in the studied industrial area.
The purpose of this study is to assess the concentration of heavy metals in industrial discharge water from the Trepça Mine in Stantërg and flotation, and their impact in polluting the urban environment. Methods. During the research work we have marked the sampling location. The sampling method, the amount of the sample, the transportation method and maximum time the sample can stay before the chemical analysis were all in compliance with the ISO 5667:1, 3 method. The conservation of samples for defining certain parameters was done in compliance with the American Public Health Association conservation procedure, and for the mineralization of heavy metals from the polluted discharged water samples the EPA-3015A method was applied. For defining the heavy metals concentration, the ICP -OES measuring technique was applied (the Inductively Coupled Plasma Method -Optical Emission Spectrometry). Findings. Based on the industrial activity of Trepça Mine, it has been concluded that the main cause of environment pollution has continuously been the mine and flotation. The analysis of discharged water samples, both from the mine and the flotation depict the real situation of the heavy metals' concentration in the surrounding environment. Originality. All laboratory analyses have been conducted with special care through the use of necessary advanced technology lab equipment, so that the obtained results would provide maximum accuracy. Practical implications. The water samples were taken in January and June 2020, namely in winter and summer. The seasonal monitoring of heavy metals in water result with significant changes in the presence of metals as a consequence of climate changes.
Purpose. To reflect the impact of discharge waters from the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining on the pollution of the Drenica River with heavy metals. According to our estimation, the effect of mining on the river pollution is undeniable. Methodology. The standard methods ISO 5667-6, ISO 5667-11, and ISO 5667-1.3 were used to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the Drenica River surface water. The EPA-3015A method was applied for sample preparation, while the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Standard ISO methods were applied for determining the following parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NNH4, NO3-, TN, PO4P, and TP. Findings. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the river Drenica have exceeded the allowed values as a result of industrial activities. Originality. The paper supplies new additional information on the ecological status of the Drenica River, based on samples taken along the river, especially where the greatest impact of the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining could be. The problematic of this research is quite contemporary; river pollution affects the life chain. Practical value. We believe that the content and problems in the focus of the research are topical and present significant interest to all those who deal with environmental issues.
The aim of this paper is to research the mineralogical and structural properties of Karaçeva bentonite, as well as to determine that how acid activation changes the structural and mineralogical properties of bentonite. From the obtained results was found that Karaçeva bentonite contains montmorillonite as the main mineral, accompanied by other minerals, such ilit, quartz, feldspar, dollomite and calcite. The natural bentonite fractions with a particle size smaller than 2 µm are characterized by increased montmorillonite content and reduction of quartz content. The results of diffractometric and thermogravimetric measurements shows that the Karaçeva bentonite contains very little calcite and dollomite.The diffractometric studies has shown that the basic activation of these bentonites has not resulted in any change in their mineral composition. Acid activation, has changed the structural and mineralogical properties of Karaçeva bentonite.
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