Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes were
graft modified with acrylic acid by radiation-induced grafting utilizing electron beam. When the grafted
membranes were characterized by
the measurements of convective permeability, diffusion, and ion
exchange properties, the
membranes showed properties of variable permeability membranes with
respect to the
permeability of solvent and the ionic semipermeability. The
permeability for the studied
membranes (extent of grafting varied from 0 to 93 wt %) can be
controlled by the ionic strength
and pH of the permeate. The more grafted the membranes are the
greater are the changes in
the permeability; e.g., for the extent of grafting of 85 wt
% the permeability increases ca. 4
orders of magnitude when the electrolyte concentration is increased
from 10 mM to 1 M. The
membranes with the extent of grafting of ca. 10 wt
% or more appeared to have equal charge
density on the pore walls resulting in the same cation transference
number.
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