Web allows learners to investigate any question to learn with a large number of Web resources. In such investigative learning, leaners are expected to investigate the question by navigating Web resources/pages to construct their knowledge and decomposing the question into sub-questions. In acquiring skills in such investigative learning, learners need to practice with exercise questions. However, it is hard to define correct knowledge to be constructed for the questions since Web-based investigative learning could result in diverse knowledge as correct one for the same question. Towards this issue, this paper proposes the method with Linked Open Data (LOD) for generating exercise questions, which includes an initial question and sub-questions to be decomposed from an initial question. These sub-questions are extracted and selected as keywords with LOD and Word2vec. This paper also reports a case study with the generation method. The results suggest that it is effective as scaffolding particularly for novice learners.
Purpose: In the revised Regulation on Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards (April 2020), the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye was lowered to 100 mSv in 5 years and 50 mSv in 1 year. It is necessary to reduce occupational exposure in the healthcare sector. The purpose of this study was to facilitate comparison with the equivalent dose limit in an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination by measuring the scattered dose in an X-ray room as an individual dose equivalent. Methods: The scattered dose was measured by dosimeters positioned in a grid pattern in the X-ray room. The dose rate was measured with and without the use of a protective cloth (0.25 mm Pb equivalent) suspended around the X-ray tube extending to the patient. The dose reduction rate of the material was evaluated during the simulated ERCP. Results: The maximum dose rate at the position of the surgeon performing an ERCP inspection in the standing position was 2.9 mSv/h (3 mm dose equivalent rate) at 150 cm from the ground. The number of ERCP examinations to comply with the equivalent dose limit of the equivalent dose of the lens of the eye without the protective cloth was 28 per year. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that individual dose equivalent measurements in the X-ray clinic may facilitate comparison with the equivalent dose limit.
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