Предмет исследования: методы прогнозирования остаточного срока службы асфальтобетонных покрытий, требующие разработки модели функционального состояния покрытия и установления пороговых значений критериальных показателей для каждого уровня деградации покрытия. Цель: обоснование способа определения остаточного срока службы асфальтобетонных покрытий, базирующегося на показателях однородности их удельной теплоемкости. Материалы и методы: показана возможность использования в качестве критерия состояния асфальтобетонного покрытия однородности удельной теплоемкости покрытия и введен критериальный параметр-индекс теплофизической однородности. Результаты: обоснована возможность использования аппроксимирующей функции, описывающей временную эволюцию индекса теплофизической однородности, для оценки текущего состояния асфальтобетонного дорожного покрытия и прогноза его дальнейшего развития; получены расчетные формулы для определения остаточного срока службы покрытия. Выводы: предложены способы определения остаточного срока службы асфальтобетонных покрытий, способствующие принятию решений в отношении стратегий реконструкции-ремонта дорог, что позволит эффективно использовать существующие ресурсы.

The structure, oxygen non-stoichiometry, and defect equilibrium in perovskite-type PrBa1−xSrxFe2O6−δ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50) synthesized at 1350 °C were studied. For all compositions, X-ray diffraction testifies to the formation of a cubic structure (S.G. Pm3¯m), but an electron diffraction study reveals additional diffuse satellites around each Bragg spot, indicating the primary incommensurate modulation with wave vectors about ±0.43a*. The results were interpreted as a sign of the short-order in both A-cation and anion sublattices in the areas of a few nanometers in size, and of an intermediate state before the formation of an ordered superstructure. An increase in oxygen deficiency was found to promote the ordering, whereas partial substitution of barium by strontium caused the opposite effect. The oxygen content in oxides as a function of oxygen partial pressure and temperature was measured by coulometric titration, and the data were used for the modeling of defect equilibrium in oxides. The simulation results implied oxygen vacancy ordering in PrBa1−xSrxFe2O6−δ that is in agreement with the electron diffraction study. Besides oxidation and charge disproportionation reactions, the reactions of oxygen vacancy distribution between non-equivalent anion positions, and their trapping in clusters with Pr3+ ions were taken into account by the model. It was demonstrated that an increase in the strontium content in Pr0.5Ba0.5−xSrxFeO3−δ suppressed ordering of oxygen vacancies, increased the binding energy of oxygen ions in the oxides, and resulted in an increase in the concentration of p-type carriers.

The article discusses the issue of improving state economic policy in the context of the transition to "green" growth. Until recently, the “green” economy was often viewed as a part of the economy associated only with the production of environmental goods and services. The term “green business” is often used here. The modern approach to the transition to a green economy should consider the entire economy, all its sectors and activities. You can make a "green" part of the economy. However, such an economy will not be sustainable and will degrade over time. However, until very recently, the consideration of environmental problems was carried out mainly at the microeconomic and local levels. The theory has paid minimal attention to the inclusion of the environmental factor in the macroeconomy or the global economy, which has become one of the important causes of environmental crises in individual countries and in the world.

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