Abstract. We present airborne measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3 ), equivalent black carbon (EBC) and ultra fine particles over NorthEastern Siberia in July 2008 performed during the YAK-AEROSIB/POLARCAT experiment. During a "golden day" (11 July 2008) a number of biomass burning plumes were encountered with CO mixing ratio enhancements of up to 500 ppb relative to a background of 90 ppb. Number concentrations of aerosols in the size range 3.5-200 nm peaked at 4000 cm −3 and the EBC content reached 1.4 µg m −3 . These high concentrations were caused by forest fires in the vicinity of the landing airport in Yakutsk where measurements in fresh smoke could be made during the descent. We estimate a combustion efficiency of 90 ± 3% based on CO and CO 2 measurements and a CO emission factor of 65.5±10.8 g CO per kilogram of dry matter burned. This suggests a potential increase in the average northern hemispheric CO mixing ratio of 3.0-7.2 ppb per million hectares of Siberian forest burned. For BC, we estimate an emission factor of 0.52 ± 0.07 g BC kg −1 , comparable to values reported in the literature. The emission ratio of ultra-fine particles (3.5-200 nm) was 26 cm −3 (ppb CO) −1 , consistent with other airborne studies.The transport of identified biomass burning plumes was investigated using the FLEXPART Lagrangian model. Based on sampling of wildfire plumes from the same source but with different atmospheric ages derived from FLEXPART, Correspondence to: J.-D. Paris (jean-daniel.paris@lsce.ipsl.fr) we estimate that the e-folding lifetimes of EBC and ultra fine particles (between 3.5 and 200 nm in size) against removal and growth processes are 5.1 and 5.5 days respectively, supporting lifetime estimates used in various modelling studies.

Abstract. An empirical model of the vertical profiles of aerosol optical characteristics is described. This model was developed based on data acquired from multi-year airborne sensing of optical and microphysical characteristics of the tropospheric aerosol over West Siberia. The main initial characteristics for the creation of the model were measurement data of the vertical profiles of the aerosol angular scattering coefficients in the visible wavelength range, particle size distribution functions and mass concentrations of black carbon (BC). The proposed model allows us to retrieve the aerosol optical and radiative characteristics in the visible and near-IR wavelength range, using the season, air mass type and time of day as input parameters. The columnar single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor of the aerosol scattering phase function, calculated using the average vertical profiles, are in good agreement with data from the AERONET station located in Tomsk.For solar radiative flux calculations, this empirical model has been tested for typical summer conditions. The available experimental database obtained for the regional features of West Siberia and the model developed on this basis are shown to be sufficient for performing these calculations.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing organic matter, known as brown carbon (BrC), has previously been found to significantly enhance the absorption of solar radiation by biomass burning (BB) aerosol. Previous studies have also proposed methods aimed at constraining the BrC contribution to the overall aerosol absorption using the absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) derived from the multi-wavelength remote observations at Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). However, representations of the BrC absorption in atmospheric models remain uncertain, particularly due to the high variability in the absorption properties of BB organic aerosol (OA). As a result, there is a need for stronger observational constraints on these properties. We extend the concept of the established AAE-based methods in the framework of our Bayesian method, which combines remote optical observations with Monte Carlo simulations of the aerosol absorption properties. We propose that the observational constraints on the absorption properties of BB OA can be enhanced by using the single-scattering albedo (SSA) as part of the observation vector. The capabilities of our method were first examined by using synthetic data, which were intended to represent the absorption properties of BB aerosol originating from wildfires in Siberia. We found that observations of AAEs and SSA can provide efficient constraints not only on the BrC contribution to the total absorption but also on both the imaginary part of the refractive index and the mass absorption efficiency of OA. The subsequent application of our method to the original multi-annual data from Siberian AERONET sites, along with the supplementary analysis of possible biases in the a posteriori estimates of the inferred absorption properties, indicates that the contribution of BrC to the overall light absorption by BB aerosol in Siberia at the 440 nm wavelength is most likely to range, on average, from about 15 % to 21 %, although it is highly variable and, in some cases, can exceed 40 %. Based on the analysis of the AERONET data, we also derived simple nonlinear parameterizations for the absorption characteristics of BB OA in Siberia as functions of the AAE.

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Abstract. We present airborne measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), equivalent black carbon (EBC) and ultra fine particles over North-Eastern Siberia in July 2008 performed during the YAK-AEROSIB/POLARCAT experiment. During a "golden day" (11 July 2008) a number of biomass burning plumes were encountered with CO concentration enhancements of up to 500 ppb relative to a background of 90 ppb. Number concentrations of aerosols in the size range 3.5–200 nm peaked at 4000 cm−3 and the EBC content reached 1.4 μg m−3. These high concentrations were caused by forest fires in the vicinity of the landing airport in Yakutsk where during the descent measurements in fresh smoke could be made. We estimate a combustion efficiency of 90±3% based on CO and CO2 measurements. The emission factor of CO emitted was 59.6±15.2 g CO per kilogram of dry matter burned, suggesting an increase in the average northern hemispheric CO concentration of 3.0–7.2 ppb per million hectares of Siberian forest burned. For BC, we estimate an emission factor of 0.52±0.07 g BC kg−1, comparable to values reported in the literature. The emission ratio of ultra-fine particles (3.5–200 nm) was 26 cm−3 (ppb CO)−1, consistent with other airborne studies. The transport of identified biomass burning plumes was investigated using the FLEXPART Lagrangian model. Based on sampling of wildfire plumes from the same source but with different atmospheric ages derived from FLEXPART, we estimate that the e-folding lifetimes of EBC and ultra fine particles (between 3.5 and 200 nm in size) against removal and growth processes are 5.1 and 5.5 days, respectively, supporting lifetimes estimates used in various modelling studies.

Multi-year monitoring of atmospheric bioaerosol in Southwestern Siberia revealed the presence of a large number of various culturable microorganisms. It is known that viable microorganisms can cause directly or provoke different human diseases. It's very difficult to evaluate the danger represented by each microorganism to man directly. Therefore, a relatively simple method is required for evaluation of potential danger represented to man by the whole assembly of culturable microorganisms in an atmospheric aerosol sample. For bacteria, the method can be based on a number of individual characteristics of each microorganism determined in the course of biochemical and other test required for identification of the detected bacterium, and a number of other tests. It is proposed to classify the measured individual characteristics of bacteria under four groups of indices responsible for: (i) potential pathogenicity for man; (ii) the numbers of bacteria in the sample; (iii) resistance to unfavorable environmental factors; (iv) drug resistance of bacteria. Each of four groups of indices is numerically evaluated by a certain integral index, which quantitatively reflects the contribution of experimentally determined characteristics of bacteria. Expert evaluation of the contribution of each characteristic of microorganisms to the corresponding group of indices is performed. The generalized index of potential danger of culturable bacteria in atmospheric aerosols for human health is presented as the product of four integral indices summarizing the normalized individual integral indices for all bacteria detected in the sample. The work presents the results of measuring the variations of all the above indices for atmospheric air samples collected during one year.