Mass fraction of black carbon in submicron aerosol as an indicator of influence of smoke from remote forest fires in Siberia

Kozlov, V. S.; Panchenko, Mikhail V.; Yausheva, Elena P.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.036

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Seasonal BB activities in Siberia may double the climate-relevant species, including BC and organic aerosols (Warneke et al, 2010), and cause the pronounced pollution event of "Arctic smoke" (Stock et al, 2012). Despite the concerns about environmental significance of millions of tons of PM emitted by wildfires, systematic observations in Russia were performed only in a few places in Western and North-Eastern Siberia (Kozlov et al, 2008;Paris et al, 2009). Thus, the assessments of Siberian BB emissions and their attribution to potential adverse effects are very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Siberian wildfires are a major source of climate-relevant species emitted at northern latitudes (Lavoué et al, 2000). Significant influence of boreal forest fire smoke on variability of BC in the atmosphere was shown by Kozlov et al (2008). Special concern is directed on biomass and diesel combustion sources which degrade the Arctic air quality by depositing BC on snow and melting icecaps (Matsui et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

Popovicheva

Kozlov

Engling

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Reliable assessment of the impact of Siberian boreal forest wildfires on the environment and climate necessitates an improved understanding of microphysical and chemical properties of emitted aerosols. Smoldering, flaming and mixed fires of typical Siberian biomass (pine and debris) were simulated during a small-scale study in a Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC). Individual particle analysis of PM 10 and PM 2.5 smoke morphology and elemental composition revealed a strong dependence on combustion temperature, i.e., a dominant abundance of soot agglomerates versus roughly spherical organic particles in the flaming and smoldering phase, respectively. Cluster analysis of smoke microstructure was used to apportion the emitted particles into major characteristic groups: Soot and Organic, which accounted for around 90% and 60% of total particle numbers emitted from the flaming and smoldering fires, respectively. Carbon fractions and inorganic ion analysis supported the identification of particle types representative of combustion phase and biomass type. Elemental carbon (EC) particles from flaming fires comprised approximately 25% of Group Soot, in good agreement with a high EC fraction in total carbon of around 65% and low organic carbon (OC)/EC ratio near 0.5. Smoldering fires of pine and debris produced exclusively organic particles with high OC/EC ratios of 194 and 34, respectively. Small quantities of elemental constituents in biomass were vaporized during combustion and produced internally/externally mixed fly ash in Group Ca-, Si-, and Fe-rich of significantly less abundance. Ca, Cl, S, and Mg were more frequently distributed elements in pine than debris smoke. Sulfates and nitrates produced from gas-to-particle reactions formed Group S-and N-rich. During time evolution of smoke volatile inorganic compounds were condensed as potassium chlorides and sulfates into a newly formed Group K,Cl-rich. Quantification of Siberian biomass smoke microstructure by chemical micromarkers enables aerosols to be classified with respect to a source type assigned to Siberian wildfires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

Popovicheva

Kozlov

Engling

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The slopes of the fits to the observational data are about 0.021 for any of the two selection criteria considered. This value is in the middle of the range of the eBC/PM 2.5 ratio values (0.01-0.045) observed in Siberian smoke plumes earlier (Kozlov et al, 2008). For comparison, the BC/PM 2.5 ratio for fresh BB aerosol in extratropical forest is assumed to be 0.033 in the GFED4 inventory (van der Werf et 15 al., 2017); that is, a factor of 1.5 larger than the value found in this study.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Simulated Data With Aircraft Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths

Konovalov¹,

Lvova²,

Beekmann³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emissions from open biomass burning (BB) are known to have a considerable impact on the radiative budget of the atmosphere on global and regional scales but are poorly constrained in models by atmospheric 20 observations, especially in remote regions. Here, we investigate the feasibility of constraining BC emissions from BB with satellite observations of the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and the aerosol extinction optical depth (AOD) retrieved from OMI (Ozone monitoring instrument) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) measurements, respectively. We consider the case of Siberian BB BC emissions, which have a strong potential to impact the Arctic climate system. Using aerosol remote sensing data collected at Siberian sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network 25 (AERONET) along with the results of the Fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), we establish an empirical parameterization relating the ratio of the elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contents in BB aerosol to the ratio of AAOD and AOD at the wavelengths of the satellite observations. Applying this parameterization to the BC and OC column amounts simulated with the CHIMERE chemistry transport model, we optimize the parameters of the BB emission model based on MODIS measurements of the fire radiative power (FRP) and obtain top-down optimized estimates of the 30 total monthly BB BC amounts emitted from intense Siberian fires that occurred in May-September 2012. The top-down estimates are compared to the corresponding values obtained using the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) and the Fire Emission Inventory-northern Eurasia (FEI-NE). Our simulations using the optimized BB aerosol emissions are verified against AAOD and AOD data that were withheld from the estimation procedure. The simulations are further evaluated against in situ EC and OC measurements at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) and also against aerosol 35 2 measurement data collected on board of an aircraft in the framework of the Airborne Extensive Regional Observations (YAK-AEROSIB) experiments. We conclude that our BC and OC emission estimates, considered with their confidence intervals, are consistent with the ensemble of the measurement data analyzed in this study. Siberian fires are found to emit 0.41 ± 0.14 Tg of BC over the whole period of the five months considered; this estimate is a factor of 2 larger and a factor of 1.5 smaller compared to that the corresponding estimates based on the GFED4 (0.20 Tg) and FEI-NE (0.61 Tg) data, 5 respectively. Our estimates of monthly BC emissions are also found to be larger than the BC amounts calculated with the GFED4 data and smaller than those calculated with the FEI-NE data for any of the five months. Especially large positive differences of our estimates of monthly BC emissions with respect to the GFED4 data are found in May and September. This finding indicates that the GFED4 database is likely to strongly underestimate BC emissions from agricultural burns and ...

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“…The aerosol measurement system includes such devices as angle-scattering nephelometers (Kozlov et al, 2008a; Shmargunov et al, 2008), photoelectric particle counters of scattered radiation (Shmargunov and Pol'kin, 2007), and aethalometers (Kozlov et al, 1997(Kozlov et al, , 2008a, that is, devices measuring characteristics of aerosol absorption. A flow-through nephelometer (FAN)-type angular nephelometer measures the angular aerosol scattering coefficient at an angle of 45 • at a wavelength of 0.51 µm, which is proportional to the concentration of submicron aerosols (Kozlov et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol measurements at the stationary IAO SB RAS Aerosol Station (Kozlov et al, 1997(Kozlov et al, , 2008a are carried out with the use of a technique for studying aerosol properties in local air volumes; that is, air with aerosols is pumped through optical cells (flow-through measurements). The surface aerosol comes to the optical cells by ducts through air intakes installed outside the main building of IAO SB RAS at an altitude of 9 m above the surface.…”

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex experiment on studying the microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimating the contribution of atmospheric aerosol-to-earth radiation budget

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The primary objective of this complex aerosol experiment was the measurement of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. The measurement data were used to retrieve the whole set of aerosol optical parameters, necessary for radiation calculations. Three measurement cycles were performed within the experiment during 2013: in spring, when the aerosol generation is maximal; in summer (July), when atmospheric boundary layer altitude and, hence, mixing layer altitude are maximal; and in late summer/early autumn, during the period of nucleation of secondary particles. Thus, independently obtained data on the optical, meteorological, and microphysical parameters of the atmosphere allow intercalibration and inter-complement of the data and thereby provide for qualitatively new information which explains the physical nature of the processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol field.

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Mass fraction of black carbon in submicron aerosol as an indicator of influence of smoke from remote forest fires in Siberia

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths

Complex experiment on studying the microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimating the contribution of atmospheric aerosol-to-earth radiation budget

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