Recently, the importance of studying the biodiversity of the Vitaceae Juss family. increases markedly, while new data appear on the gene pool of cultivated and wild-growing grapes Vitis vinifera L. Modern methods of analyzing the polymorphism of populations of grape plants, both wild-growing and cultural, are actively used. According to the literature, a number of studies have been conducted in the Russian Federation to study native varieties and wild forms of grapes in the Crimea, Dagestan, along the banks of the Don and other regions, but there is very little information about Kuban wild and ancient forms of grapes. The article presents the results of a study of wild forms of the genus Vitis L., growing in places of ancient human settlements on the territory of the Utrish State Nature Reserve of the Krasnodar Territory. For the first time, ampelographically and genetically samples of isolated populations of wild grapes growing on the territory of the Utrish State Nature Reserve have been studied and described. Several habitats of wild grapes, presumably belonging to the Vitis vinifera ssp species, have been studied. Silvestris Gmel. or its variants var. Tipica Negr. - typically wild forest grapes. A detailed description of phytocenoses in which the studied plant forms grow is carried out. Ecological and geographical characteristics of their habitats are given. Samples were taken for further genetic analysis. DNA-marker analysis of plant genotypes by microsatellite loci VVMD27, VVMD5, VS2, VrZAG79 recommended for genotyping of grapes was performed. It was shown that some of the samples are polymorphic to each other, while others are genetically close. When analyzing genotypes, rare alleles were detected for the analyzed SSR loci.
Modern scientific literature analysis on the Vitaceae Juss. Family biodiversity study showed that this issue is relevant today and is being studied by many scientists in our country more intensively than before, although not so deeply. For example, there is some information on indigenous varieties and grapes wild plants from Crimea, Dagestan, Don and other regions. Unfortunately, there is almost no scientific information on the Kuban wild forms and autochthons. This article contains a part or, one might say, a new large research work beginning on the Kuban grapes wild plants study, studied on the Krasnodar Territory, namely in the Red Forest state nature reserve. At the same time, their ecological and geographic growing conditions were studied with a phytocenoses detailed description. Found isolated populations of grapes, hypothetically could be Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris Gmel. or its variants var. Tipica Negr. (wild forest grapes). Wild-growing grapes samples genotypic was carried out for 7 microsatellite loci. The samples genetic similarity analysis according to the microsatellite analysis data revealed the close and most distant genotypes among the wild forms studied sample.
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований и Администрации Краснодарского края (грант № 19-416-230025 р_а).
Nowadays there is much tension in the Russian modern vine growing industry around the issue of enhancing the range of grape varieties, which is aimed at production of highly adaptive grape plants and sustainable production of competitive grape varieties in the unstable stressing weather conditions of the moderate continental climate in the south of Russia. In this view, we believe it important to carry out research into the origin, generation and preser vation of genetic resources so that they can be involved in the selection process and reach most important objectives of the national economy. The role of a variety and ampelo graphic collections becomes more important. The Anapa ampelographic collection (http://azosviv.info/category/ osnovnye_razdely/anapskaya_ampelograficheskaya_kol lekciya) is Russia's largest gene pool depository of grape varieties brought from various countries of Europe, Asia and America, and Russia's regions as well. It contains 4 921 grape varieties, including Vitis vinifera L. (2 975), V. amuren sis Rupr. (40), V. labrusca L. (50), the interspecies varieties V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr. (210), V. vinifera L. × V. lab rusca L. (168), blended interspecies hybrids V. vinifera L. × hybrids SV (220), V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr. × hyb rids SV (70), and other samples. We carry out extensive research into collection varieties for their production and selection. We select varieties and forms showing good ag ronomic characters in productivity, quality of grapes and wine products, winter hardiness, drought resistance, and resistance to pests. We have identified, preserved and now use in selection, as sources of good agronomic characters of resistance to low temperatures in winter, such varieties
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