Phase I/II parallel double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of perispinal etanercept for chronic stroke: improved mobility and pain alleviation.

The results extend previous research to further elucidate the mechanisms that help to translate oral hygiene intentions into behavior and make a significant contribution to the cumulative empirical evidence about self-regulatory components in health behavior change.

We investigated the role of normative support, behavioural automaticity, and action control in predicting dental flossing behaviour. Between May and October 2015, 629 Australian young adults completed a questionnaire assessing constructs of normative support and automaticity, and a 2-week follow-up of dental flossing behaviour and action control, resulting in n = 241 persons for longitudinal analysis. Findings supported the hypotheses that the effect of normative support on behaviour would be mediated via automaticity, and the effect of automaticity would be moderated by action control. Current results extend previous research to elucidate the mechanisms that help to understand predictors of oral hygiene behaviours and contribute to the cumulative evidence concerning self-regulatory and automatic components of health behaviour.

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Objectives Sleep dysfunction and headaches are common and disabling conditions which are frequently comorbid with psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, there is a growing body of literature linking sleep dysfunction to the frequency and intensity of headaches. This study retrospectively examined the prevalence of insomnia and headache frequency, and their effects on general psychological treatment outcomes in a sample of patients attending a university psychology outpatient clinic in metropolitan Queensland, Australia. Methods Outcome Questionnaire 45 data were extracted for 69 adult patients who presented to the Griffith University Psychology Clinic (Mount Gravatt, QLD) in 2018, and who consented to the use of their deidentified data for research purposes. Results The prevalence of frequent insomnia and headaches in the week of patients' initial session were 47.8 and 23.2%, respectively. Additionally, there was a correlation, rs = .26, p = .02 between frequency of insomnia and headaches at the initial session. Frequent insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.62, p < .01), headaches (OR = 3.82, p = .055, pbootstrapped = .04), and comorbid insomnia and headaches (OR = 7.25, p = .02) were strong predictors of inadequate treatment response, adjusting for age, sex, and number of therapy sessions. Effect sizes achieved by students were large (d = 0.9), and similar to those found in studies of fully qualified therapists. Conclusions Our study demonstrates clinicians should be aware that sleep and headache problems may complicate psychological treatment of other problems, and that presence of these factors should warrant specific targeted attention early in treatment.