En quelques mots, nous présentons les principaux problèmes des neurosciences cognitives : le problème de la liaison, la localisation, la différenciation-intégration dans le cerveau, les difficultés créées par l'imagerie cérébrale, et l'optimisme versus scepticisme dans les neurosciences cognitives. Étonnamment, même s'il y a de plus en plus de résultats expérimentaux ces dernières années, nous ne remarquons pas de réel espoir de résoudre ces difficultés dans le futur. Les neurosciences cognitives sont basées sur des « corrélations » entre états mentaux et neuronaux, principalement issues de l'imagerie cérébrale -fMRI de ces deux dernières décennies. Nous voulons suggérer que ces « corrélations » sont dépourvues d'un quelconque arrière-plan ontologique. Dans ce contexte, nous devons répondre à la question suivante : les neurosciences cognitives sont-elles une vraie science ou une sorte de « nouvelle ingéniérie » ?
In the first part of the article, we show how the notion of the "universe"/"world" should be replaced with the newly postulated concept of "epistemologically different worlds" (EDWs). Consequently, we try to demonstrate that notions like "dark matter" and "dark energy" do not have a proper ontological basis: due to the correspondences between two EDWs, the macro-epistemological world (EW) (the EW of macro-entities like planets and tables) and the mega-EW or the macromacro-EW (the EW of certain entities and processes that do not exist for the ED entities that belong to the macro-EW). Thus, we have to rethink the notions like "dark matter" and "dark energy" within the EDW perspective. We make an analogy with quantum mechanics: the "entanglement" is a process that belongs to the wave-EW, but not to the micro-EW (where those two microparticles are placed). The same principle works for explaining dark matter and dark energy: it is about entities and processes that belong to the "mega-EW," but not to the macro-EW. The EDW perspective (presupposes a new framework within which some general issues in physics should be addressed: (1) the dark matter, dark energy, and some other related issues from cosmology, (2) the main problems of quantum mechanics, (3) the relationship between Einstein's general relativity and quantum mechanics, and so on. 1 1 In 2016, we tried to prove that in cosmology scientists deal pseudo-notions, such as dark matter, dark energy, the existence of space and time (or spacetime), inflation, and so on and so forth. For instance, taking into account the theory of simultaneous "Big Bang", the notion of "inflation" can be rejected (Alan Guth, etc.). 2 Paul Dirac believed that the greatest problems of quantum mechanics were philosophical problems. 3 For more details, see our previous works. 4 These principles appeared in Gabriel Vacariu's previous works [1-6].
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