In athletics, strength plays a special role, given that its development is focused on improving the speed of movement. The main form of expressing strength in athletics is speed-strength (explosive strength, take-off), which is representative for sprinting, jumping and throwing. Specialised studies have revealed that one of the most effective training methods used to develop explosive strength, also called explosive power, is the training based on plyometric exercises, but studies regarding the use of this method for the prepubertal age segment in athletic training are scarce. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of improvement in explosive strength in preadolescent athletes with the help of weekly plyometric training as compared to the control group. The research was carried out at the School no. 190 between 20 February and 17 June 2017. In order to conduct the experimental research, 42 athlete subjects of both genders, aged 11 to 13 years, were investigated. The experimental group was made up of 20 athletes, members of the Municipal Sports Club in Bucharest. The control group included 22 athlete subjects of both genders, who were trained by other coaches. Both groups performed four training sessions per week for 17 weeks. Analysing the results of the experiment, we can conclude that plyometric workouts contribute to the development of lower body strength in preadolescent athletes.
The physical effort, in its different aspects, has permanently conditioned the development of the human being. By means of doing physical exercise, the human beings expresses themselves and are trained. In the process of personality formation, the age of adolescence, including the prolonged adolescence, is very important. This age is characterized by the elan of the body, the elan of the heart, the birth of the personal thinking and the discovery of the world of values (after Debesse, M. quoted by Epuran, M., Horghidan, V., 1994), being the period when the personality affirms and confirms its value. Adolescence is an extremely demanding period both on the physical and psychical level. The study tackles female highschool adolescents and female students. The female adolescents, mainly those starting their student life, have to prove and also to prove to themselves the fact they are efficient, productive, well trained professionals, they have a good social image, allowing them to integrate in a different society groups. The present paper tries to set an existent connection between practising sports activities and becoming aware of the emotions by the female adolescents. The research starts from the premise stating that by means of these activities the female adolescents can increase their adaptive capacity and can control more efficiently the emotions emerging as a consequence of the harmful influences of a civilisation characterized by nervous exhaustion. Emotional intelligence includes 4 types of abilities: to perceive emotions, to use, to understand and manage emotions. According to Raven Bar-Ons opinion (Mihaela Roco, 2004), emotional intelligence refers to being aware of ones own emotions, optimism, respect/consideration for ones own person, self-making, independence. The physical effort, in its different aspects, has permanently conditioned the development of the human being. By means of doing physical exercise, the human beings expresses themselves and are trained. In the process of personality formation, the age of adolescence, including the prolonged adolescence, is very important. This age is characterized by the “elan of the body, the elan of the heart, the birth of the personal thinking and the discovery of the world of values”, being the period when the personality affirms and confirms its value [1, 2]. Adolescence is an extremely demanding period both on the physical and psychical level. The study tackles female high school adolescents and female students. The female adolescents, mainly those starting their student life, have to prove and also to prove to themselves the fact they are efficient, productive, well trained professionals, they have a good social image, allowing them to integrate in a different society groups. The present paper tries to set an existent connection between practicing sports activities and becoming aware of the emotions by the female adolescents. The research starts from the premise stating that by means of these activities the female adolescents can increase their adaptive capacity and can control more efficiently the emotions emerging as a consequence of the harmful influences of a civilization characterized by nervous exhaustion. Emotional intelligence includes 4 types of abilities: to perceive emotions, to use, to understand and manage emotions. According to Raven Bar-On opinion, emotional intelligence refers to being aware of one’s own emotions, optimism, respect/consideration for one’s own person, self-making, independence [3].
The occupational profile in the technical field calls for the efficiency of the instructive-educational process by optimizing the psychomotor skills of the U.P.B. students. Through this study we aim to orientate the didactic process in the Physical Education and Sports lesson towards the specific of the engineering field. We consider it necessary to evaluate the students' simple reaction time, since this type of reaction is one of the dominant skills in this field. Consequently, we have to determine the students' current skills level, and depending on the results obtained, we will implement the operational motor structures specific to Physical Education and Sports to optimize the students' professional skills. The qualitative exploratory research aimed at identifying the reaction time to visual stimuli according to the dominant and non-dominant structure, by comparing the data obtained between genders. The number of subjects involved in the project was of 44 students (22 girls and 22 boys). The two experimental groups are randomized, made by random selection. Inquisit 5 computerized test (Computer Software) was used to evaluate the simple reaction time. Measuring the time of simple reaction to visual stimuli by computerized testing consisted of pressing the "spacebar" key at different time intervals, whenever a red circle appeared on the screen. Each subject repeated the test three times, keeping the best results. The significance test used to determine the plausibility of the hypothesis was the independent T-test (Student). The results obtained showed that there are no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the worst reaction time in the dominant and non-dominant hand (p=0.3336, t=0.9781; p=0.7646, t=0.3255). Significant differences between the girls and boys were noted for the fast reaction time in the dominant hand.
In recent years, specialists have paid particular attention to the improvement of the pedaling technique. ,,Spinning" or circular pedaling (road test) involves rotating the pedals around the entire circumference, not pressing them when they move downward. A good pedaling technique will always be supported by adequate physical training. Road cycling overloads the aerobic system. The anaerobic energy system is used by cyclists at the end of the race or during the ascent. Thus, junior cyclists must be prepared to make a prolonged effort over long distances and pedaling should generate rotations that maintain speed and power according to the environment and the terrain. The purpose of this paper is to implement and carry out a physical training program that will lead to the acceleration of the evolution of pedaling power in junior cyclists. It is considered that the use of specific means for winter training, taking into account age-specific somato-functional features, will lead to increased pedaling power of junior cyclists. A strength training program for road cycling requires the use of some means with a load that reflects the endurance that the athlete must overcome in competitive conditions. The experiment took place between 2019-2020, on a sample of 16 cadet cyclists. To measure the effects of the variables, progress was monitored using Garmin technology. The target indicators were ,,power expressed in watts"(P), ,,power/kg body weight, expressed in watts/kg" and heart rate. The obtained results show that the means of force development had a positive effect on the pedaling power of cadet cyclists.
Among winter sports, alpine skiing is one of the most popular and beloved disciplines because of the natural environment in which they are practiced and the satisfaction they offer. Alpine skiing is based on the scientific basis of technique and methodology in order to continuously improve the technical processes. Scientific research in sport has made large developments in recent years, alpine skiing adopting methods which are specific to the discipline. This study was realized by using the OptoJump measurement and analysis system in order to optimize the explosive force. It is an innovative system of analysis and measurement that brings a new philosophy of assessment and optimisation of performance to the world of competitive sport: it is designed for the development of a specific and customized training programme for the athlete, based exclusively on precise objective data. In order to create the athletes' training program the initial testing of the explosive force was done by applying the Jupm Counter Movement. Test which involves a single jump starting from an upright position with hands on hips and with counter movement. - Rest hands on hips (to measure leg performance instead of arm performance) - Stand straight up for 1-2 seconds - Jump as high as you can! - Land with normal flexion and stand still in neutral position for 1-2 seconds Single jump starting with straight legs and performing a natural flexion before takeoff. In the counter movement jump during the breaking phase elastic energy is stored in the muscles and tendons and then utilized in the following propulsion (concentric) phase. The OptoJump measurement and analysis system records the results directly during the test and displays them in the form of graphics, tables and video images.
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