Airports and surrounding airspaces are limited in terms of capacity and represent the major bottlenecks of the air traffic management system. This paper addresses the problems of terminal airspace management and airport congestion management at the macroscopic level through the integrated control of arrivals and departures. Conflict detection and resolution methods are applied to a predefined terminal route structure. Different airside components are modeled using network abstraction. Speed, arrival and departure times, and runway assignment are managed by using an optimization method. An adapted simulated annealing heuristic combined with a time decomposition approach is proposed to solve the corresponding problem. Computational experiments performed on case studies of Paris Charles De-Gaulle airport show some potential improvements: First, when the airport capacity is decreased, until a certain threshold, the overload can be mitigated properly by adjusting the aircraft entry time in the Terminal Maneuvering Area and the pushback time. Second, landing and takeoff runway assignments in peak hours with imbalanced runway throughputs can significantly reduce flight delays. A decrease of 37% arrival delays and 36% departure delays was reached compared to baseline case.
The airline industry is one of the most affected by operational disruptions, defined as deviations from originally planned operations. Due to airlines network configuration, delays are rapidly propagated to connecting flights, substantially increasing unexpected costs for the airlines. The goal in these situations is therefore to minimise the impact of the disruption, reducing delays and the number of affected flights, crews and passengers. In this chapter, we describe a methodology that tackles the Stochastic Aircraft Recovery Problem, which considers the stochastic nature of air transportation systems. We define an optimisation approach based on the Large Neighbourhood Search metaheuristic, combined with simulation at different stages in order to ensure solutions' robustness. We test our approach on a set of instances with different characteristics, including some instances originating from real data provided by a Spanish airline. In all cases, our approach performs better than a deterministic approach when system's variability is considered.
Online booking services for accommodation have gained increasing importance in the tourist services provided by tour operators. This study intends to identify the main dimensions that characterize each of the payment methods and, for each of them, seeks to characterize the tourists' perception of the main advantages and limitations associated with them. This study adopts a quantitative analysis methodology through the use of an online survey. A final sample of 238 responses was considered. The data were explored using Stata software and adopting statistical inference methods based on the analysis of variance. The findings allow us to conclude that cash payment is the payment method that simultaneously presents better availability and easiness. However, it is also the most insecure of the considered payment methods. For its part, the debit card is considered the safest method. This study didn’t intend to analyze the evolution of these payment methods over time. Furthermore, other emerging payment methods such as NFC, QR codes, mobile wallets have gained recent relevance and may be interesting their inclusion in future studies. The results are mainly relevant for tourism agencies and demonstrate that tourists’ perception is conditioned mainly by their age and the number of performed trips.
In the framework of the research activities supported by SESAR JU, dedicated research stream is devoted to investigation of integration of Air Traffic Management (ATM) and aviation into a wider transport system able to support the implementation of Door-to-Door (D2D) travel concept. In this framework, the project X-TEAM D2D (Extended ATM for Door-to-Door Travel) has been funded by SESAR JU under the call SESAR-ER4-10-2019: ATM Role in Intermodal Transport, with Grant Agreement n. 891061. The project aims defining, developing and initially validating a Concept of Operations (ConOps) for the seamless integration of ATM and air transport into an overall intermodal network, including other available transportation means (surface, water), to support the door-to-door connectivity, in up to 4 hours, between any location in Europe, in compliance with the target assigned by the ACARE SRIA FlightPath 2050 goals. The project is focused on the consideration of ConOps for ATM and air transport integration in intermodal transport network serving urban and extended urban (up to regional level) mobility, taking into account the transportation and passengers service scenarios envisaged for the next decades, according to baseline (2025), intermediate (2035) and final (2050) time horizons. In this paper, the outcomes of the first phase of the project activities, aimed to provide the initial definition (concept outline) of the proposed overall ConOps are illustrated, emphasizing the specific activities that have been carried out up to date and the related achievements. In addition, an outlook is provided in the paper on the next project activities, expected to be carried out towards the conclusion of the studies and the validation, by means of dedicated numerical simulation campaigns, of the proposed ConOps.
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