The media environment has changed dramatically in the last few years. Audience fragmentation and online advertising atomisation have transformed existing business models and put into question traditional media management practices. Now more than ever, policy makers and editors are concerned about the future of newspapers. In this changing scenario, there are new media models that attempt to promote and preserve public interest journalism. Among them, non-profit institutions and community-funded platforms are the most innovative and relevant alternatives. They promote audience involvement using what is known as crowdfunding, or they are funded by grants received from wealthy millionaires. For these new models, profit margins and income are unwelcome. Despite the fact that they could be regarded as non-business models, they are actually changing the paradigm of public interest journalism while providing fresh ideas for traditional media. The aim of this paper is to explain the nature of crowdfunding by describing the context in which it takes place and considering its impact on journalism. We have created a database to identify all the crowdfunding initiatives around the world. The results highlight the emergence of these platforms and other systems that make possible crowdfunded journalism and investigative reporting. Transparency, user involvement and control over where their money goes tend to be the success factors of these initiatives.

This paper explores how innovation emerges in the media through the views of journalists who are leading the process of newsroom change in Spain. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 20 journalists working in some of the most innovative outlets, according to the 2014 Index of Journalism Innovation in Spain (García-Avilés, Carvajal-Prieto, De Lara-González, & Arias-Robles, 2018). The results highlight the importance of innovations in content production, internal organization, distribution, and commercialization as the drivers of change in the media industry. Our study also reveals several factors that shape both the practice and implementation of innovations in newsrooms. We draw on these factors to outline a model of diffusion of media innovation.

Convergence is reshaping the landscape of journalism in a variety of ways. This comparative study was targeted on integrated newsrooms, which combine at least two platforms: print and online, in some cases also television and radio. Research was conducted in six media companies which are undergoing some degree of newsroom convergence in Austria, Spain and Germany. Descriptors for different levels of cross-media production and the process of convergence were established*avoiding technological determinism and the typical mindset in the industry that regards full integration as the necessary final step of any convergence project. As a result of the transnational comparison of six case studies, a convergence matrix for analysis and comparison of integrated newsrooms was outlined. The matrix is related to four essential areas of development in a media convergence process: project scope, newsroom management, journalistic practices, work organization. Based on this matrix, three models of newsroom convergence were drawn: full integration, cross-media and co-ordination of isolated platforms.

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From a global vision of journalism innovation, this article presents a matrix that analyses and measures an innovation index of market-specific media initiatives, providing a valuable tool for comparative analysis. A method has been designed that consists of (1) sample collection and selection, and (2) the quantitative and qualitative analysis of each innovation identified in the cases studied. With the aim of generating an Index of Media Innovation, 25 of the most innovative cases within the field of reference in Spain were studied during the period 2013-2014 through a database consisting of 196 innovations that were analysed as a function of area, degree and technological basis. The results indicate that, in Spain, journalism innovation occurs at the margins of the traditional news industry and, for the most part, innovation is expanding among digital native media outlets, niche initiatives and start-ups.

html Página 370 uncertainty. This article analyses the origin, development and implementation of innovation in digital news media from the journalists' point of view. Methods. Our research builds upon the groundwork of 26 semi-structured interviews carried out in 2016 with professional journalists from a sample of innovative media organisations. Results. The results reveal journalists' perceptions on the concept of innovation, its implementation, typology of innovations and professional profiles. Journalists believe that innovation must be "new" and "successful", that it responds to the desire to "experiment", that it must provide "something different" to the organisation, and that it comes from the capacity to "anticipate challenges". Technology plays a relevant and transversal role. Journalists also value procedural, cognitive and attitudinal competencies in the innovative practice. Conclusions. Professionals are a key source to identify the changes that have taken place in journalism, because their insights help us understand and delve into the areas of innovation that are usually left out from the academic perspective. Keywords [ES] Innovación en cibermedios; práctica periodística; organización de los medios; modelos de negocio: periodismo. [EN] Media innovation; journalism practice; digital journalism; media organisation; business models; journalism. Contents [ES] 1. Introducción. 2. Iniciativas periodísticas innovadoras en los cibermedios españoles. 3. Método. 4. Resultados. 4.1. Concepto y origen de la innovación. 4.2. Clasificación de las innovaciones. 4.3. Perfiles y competencias profesionales. 4.4. Implementación de las innovaciones. 5. Discusión y conclusiones. 6. Referencias bibliográficas. [EN] 1. Introduction. 2. Innovative digital news media in Spain. 3. Methods. 4. Results. 4.1. Origin and definition of innovation. 4.2. Typology of innovations. 4.3. Professional profiles and competencies. 4.4. Implementation of innovation. 5. Discussion and conclusions. 6. References.

The emergence of new players and technological platforms, changes in consumer habits, and the transformation of the digital ecosystem accelerated the process of journalistic innovation in the last decade (2010-2020), emphasized by the Covid-19 pandemic. Journalism has undergone a process of permanent change, affecting practices, products, and professionals. In this context, this study identifies the most prominent journalistic innovations, describes their characteristics, and analyzes their impact in terms of the value provided in organization, their scope in the industry, and their contribution to society. To achieve this, semistructured interviews were conducted with a group of experts (n = 22) made up of academics and professionals. Once the innovations (n = 60) from a total of 253 references were coded and added up, the scope of these changes in the organizational, industrial, and societal fields was analyzed to obtain a list of the 20 most relevant. The results indicate that innovation emerges incrementally in how journalism is produced, organized, distributed, and sustained. Some innovations have substantially influenced organization and society, such as the membership model or fact-checking; however, they are still far from being widely adopted in the industry. Data journalism has been catalogued as the most relevant journalistic innovation because it implies changes in production, generates quality journalism, and encourages its implementation by other representatives in the sector. Resumen La aparición de nuevos actores y plataformas tecnológicas, los cambios en los hábitos de consumo y la transformación del ecosistema digital han acelerado el proceso de innovación periodística en la última década (2010-2020), acentuado por la pandemia por Covid-19. El periodismo atraviesa desde hace años un proceso de cambio permanente que afecta a las prácticas, los productos y los profesionales. Este estudio identifica las innovaciones periodísticas más destacadas, describe sus características y analiza su impacto en función del valor aportado en la organización, de su alcance en la industria y de su contribución a la sociedad. Se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de expertos (n=22), integrado por académicos y profesionales. Codificadas y sumadas las innovaciones (n=60) de un total de 253 menciones, se analiza el alcance de las mismas en los tres ámbitos –organización, industria y sociedad– para obtener el listado de las 20 más relevantes. Los resultados indican que la innovación surge de forma incremental en cómo se produce, organiza, distribuye y sostiene el periodismo. Algunas innovaciones han influido de manera sustancial en la organización y en la sociedad, como el modelo de socios o el fact-checking; sin embargo están aún lejos de ser adoptadas de modo generalizado en la industria. El periodismo de datos se ha catalogado como la innovación periodística más relevante por implicar cambios en la producción, generar un periodismo de calidad e impulsar su adopción por otros agentes del sector.