In this study, the biological properties of natural abietane-type diterpenoids with an aromatic C ring are reviewed. An overview of the synthetic studies of this group of abietanes, including dehydroabietic acid, callitrisic acid and ferruginol, is presented. The review contains about 160 references.

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Discovery of structure−property interrelations in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is limited by the small number of high-performing semiconducting polymer families that are electrochemically active in aqueous media. Currently, state-of-the-art polymers often come with processability drawbacks; aqueous-processable polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PE-DOT:PSS) require insulating cross-linkers to protect against dissolution in aqueous electrolyte, while glycolated polymers frequently exhibit marginal solubility in both organic and aqueous solvents. Herein, we show that the carboxylic acidfunctionalized conjugated polymer poly [3-(4-carboxypropyl)thiophene] (P3CPT) can be processed from a water-soluble precursor, yet requires no additives to yield solvent-resistant OECTs which exhibit electroactivity in aqueous and organic electrolytes. Devices fabricated with P3CPT exhibit unipolar p-channel operation in accumulation mode, with maximum transconductance of 26 ± 2 mS on interdigitated electrodes and competitive volumetric capacitance (C*) of 150 ± 18 F-cm −3 , which rank amongst the highest for conjugated polymers with ionic side chain moieties. This work paves the way for future use of carboxylic acid functionalization to modify existing p-and n-channel backbones to yield highly competitive and processable OECT active materials.

In this review we cover the names, structures, and occurrence of all the scalaranes since their discovery in 1972. We have given special attention to the biological properties of these polycyclic terpenoids of exclusive marine origin.

Experimental Details Materials: 100mm P-type Si <100> wafers with a thickness of 525 µm and resistivity of 10-20 Ω-cm were obtained from Addison Engineering. All chemicals were commercially available and used as received. Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl 2 , >99.9%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar, whereas sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaPO 2 H 2), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 , >99.5%), concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH, ACS reagent 28%-30%) and potassium hydroxide (KOH, 99.99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Buffered oxide etchant (6:1 (v/v) 40% NH 4 F to 49% HF) was obtained from Transene Inc. Sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , ACS grade 30%) were obtained from Macron Chemicals. TraceMetal grade sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) was obtained from Fisher Scientific and diluted to 0.50 M with water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ•cm, obtained from a Millipore deionized (DI) water system. Preparation of Si Photocathodes: Si was structured into microwire arrays via deep reactive ion etching, RIE, of a wafer that was patterned with an array of >120 nm thick Al 2 O 3 masks with diameter 3 µm and a pitch of 7 µm. Shipley 1813 photoresist was spin coated onto a degreased wafer at 4000 RPM for 30 s and a pattern was defined using UV exposure through a chrome

A series of synthetic spongiane-type diterpenes have been tested in vitro for their potential antitumor and antiherpetic activity. Although the antiviral activity of these compounds against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was very weak, some compounds exhibited relevant cytotoxicity in the human tumor cell lines HeLa and HEp-2. The biological activity of formyl spongianes is reported for the first time. With the present study, some structure−activity trends are suggested for the cytotoxic activity of these sponge-derived natural products.

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