Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities, which is ranked third in the world. Currently, coffee-based drinks have become a lifestyle in the millennial era. The high interest in coffee affects the economy of the community. Various efforts were made to further encourage the level of coffee consumption, especially in the form of beverages. On the other hand, it is necessary to diversify the product by highlighting the technology side, such as making effervescent which is easier, more practical, and can be enjoyed directly with cold water. Effervescent is known as a product that can cause gas bubbles as a result of the reaction of acids and bases when dissolved in water. The resulting gas bubbles are carbon dioxide which gives a sparkling effect (a taste sensation like sparkling water). The use of coffee as an effervescent raw material is related to its taste, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants. Coffee extract powder can be made from robusta and arabica coffee roasted at medium level with low-temperature crystallization, spray drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying. Other materials that need to be added such as acid sources, bases, fillers, and binders can affect the effervescent characteristics such as tablet hardness, moisture content, hygroscopicity, and dissolution time. The recommended composition is citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, dextrin, and PVP (Polyvinilpyrrolydone).
Instant coffee powder is a downstream product of coffee processing. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of fillers on the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of instant coffee powder. This study was used Robusta coffee which was roasted at medium to dark level. The fillers used were maltodextrin and dextrin. The instant coffee powder was made by crystallization and drying techniques with a cabinet dryer. The results showed that the difference between the two fillers did not affect the physical properties of instant coffee powder such as yield, pH, solubility, brightness (L*), and yellowishness (b*). Meanwhile, the chemical properties of water content showed a significant difference between the two treatments. The sensory properties of the two treatments have a description of the color tends to be bright, slightly brown, the taste was quite bitter, slightly sweet, quite sour, the aftertaste was medium sour, the aftertaste was low in smoke, the aftertaste was quite detectable, the aroma of coffee was medium, slightly sweet, and slightly caramel-flavored. The instant coffee powder has the potential to be developed as a coffee flavoring preparation for food products.
Coffee effervescent products are an innovation in coffee formulation. The compounds that play a role in effervescent are acids and bases. Type of organic acid give an impact on the effervescent characteristics. This study aimed to examine the effect of type of organic acid on physical, chemical, and sensory properties ofRobusta coffee effervescent tablets. This study used a completely randomized design with three acids in the formulation, namely citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. Samples were analyzed in three replications. Making effervescent tablets was done by compression technique in a mixture of all ingredients according tothe formula. The results showed that different acid had a significant effect on physical and chemical parameters. Malic acid caused a faster effervescent time than citric acid and tartaric acid. Malic acid and tartaric acid tended to lower the pH slightly than citric acid. Malic acid and citric acid tended to produce hardertablets than tartaric acid. However, tartaric acid slightly increased tablets’ brightness (L*) compared to malic acid and citric acid. Tartaric acid and malic acid tended to reduce moisture compared to citric acid. The IC50 value of effervescent with malic acid and tartaric acid was lower than that of citric acid. However, therewas a slight decrease in total phenol in both. Meanwhile, the sensory profiles of tablets and effervescent drinks did not differ due to different acids. The recommended formula was that the effervescent using malic acid had an effervescent time of 166 seconds, hardness 321 N, moisture 8%, IC50 5.5 mg mL-1, total phenol4.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1, and a drink profile that has the best color, aroma, taste, and runs time
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